如何将感冒症状扼杀在摇篮里

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共同创作者是 David Nazarian, MD

参考

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预防是对抗感冒最好的方法。不过有时候，即使尽力去预防了，却还是会生病。这是因为感冒病毒在没找到宿主之前，可以在未清洗的物件表面存活长达18小时。感冒病毒通过嘴巴、鼻子或眼睛进入人体，所以一般在我们说话、咳嗽和打喷嚏的时候传播。下面这些包括勤洗手在内的方法也许不能彻底治愈感冒，但是有助于缓解症状，加快康复。

部分 1
部分 1 的 3:

立刻采取行动

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    这有助于减轻喉咙炎症，排出粘痰。将1⁄2茶匙盐拌入一杯温水中，用它漱口30秒后吐出来，不要吞下去。
    • 不管什么时候喉咙痛，都可以重复以上步骤。 [1]
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    鼻塞和胸闷会让感冒的人更难受。想要摆脱鼻塞的感觉，不妨用热水洗澡，比平时洗久一些，让蒸汽得以积聚，暂时缓解鼻塞。
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    将盐水喷到鼻子里，冲洗并疏通鼻腔，防止鼻涕积聚，堵塞鼻腔，还能即时缓解症状。 [2]
    • 继续每天使用鼻喷剂，直到身体感觉好一些。
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    空气中的湿气有助于稀释鼻涕和粘痰，缓解呼吸道阻塞。在卧室运行一台加湿器，在睡觉的时候保持空气湿润。另外，在你经常待的房间也要放一台。 [3]
    • 记得经常更换加湿器里面的过滤器。肮脏的过滤器会引起呼吸和肺部问题。查看加湿器附带的使用手册，了解过滤器的更换周期。
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部分 2
部分 2 的 3:

帮助身体快速康复

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    脱水会加重感冒，所以每天一定要喝8杯水。多喝水也有助于稀释鼻涕和粘痰，减轻呼吸道阻塞。 [4]
    • 不要喝酒、咖啡或含咖啡因的茶，以免加剧脱水。
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    身体没有得到维持健康所需的营养，是很难治好感冒的。多吃水果和蔬菜，让免疫系统获取所需的营养，好好运作并对抗病毒。 [5]
    • 试着每天吃一份色拉加几份水果。
    • 一些研究显示大蒜和柑橘类水果可以缩短感冒病程，并减轻病情。 [6]
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    身体在你睡觉的时候努力对抗感染，所以想要治好感染，就得获取充足睡眠。试着比平时早点睡，白天也要尽量抽出时间小睡一会儿。多休息可以加快身体康复。 [7]
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    如果一整天都在学校或公司，身体很难得到充分休息和多喝水。不妨在家专心养病，避免病情加重。 [8]
    • 如果你决定请一天假，尽快通过电话或电邮联络老板。让他们知道你病得很严重，无法上班，并对自己造成的不便表示歉意。
    • 如果老板似乎不太乐意让你请假，不妨要求在家工作。
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部分 3
部分 3 的 3:

服用药物和补充剂

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    它们都是止痛药，有助于缓解感冒症状。遵循包装上指示的剂量，不可超过24小时的用量限制。 [9]
    • 扑热息痛或非甾体抗炎药无法治好感冒，但是可以控制症状，让身体专心康复。
    • 常见的非甾体抗炎药有布洛芬、阿司匹林和萘普生。
    • Vicks推出的非处方药DayQuil和NyQuil均含有扑热息痛。
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    非处方抗组胺剂和减充血剂有助于缓解咳嗽，清除粘痰和鼻涕。一定要查看包装上的使用指示，不要混合用药，以免服药过量。 [10]
    • 5岁以下的儿童不得服用抗组胺剂或减充血剂。
    • 如果你有高血压、青光眼或肾病，慎用非处方药。服用新的药物之前，一定要仔细查看标签，并咨询医生。
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    一些研究显示维生素C和紫锥菊有助于减轻感冒，但是证据并不明确。既然这些补充剂对身体无害，不妨试一试，看看是否能停止或缩短你的感冒病程。 [11]
    • 类似Emergen-C这样的粉状维生素C补充剂，或许也有助于缩短感冒病程。
    • 服用补充剂之前，查看标签上的说明，了解可能发生的副作用和药物相互作用。如果你原本就患有某种疾病，一定要先咨询医生，才可以服用新的维生素或药草。
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小提示

  • 成人每年平均感冒2-3次，儿童则是7-10次。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20448023,00.html#gargle-with-salt-water-0
  2. ↑ https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/cold-guide/nasal-sprays-cold-relief#1
  3. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403
  4. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403?pg=1
  5. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/how-to-boost-your-immune-system
  6. ↑ http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20631007,00.html#fennel
  7. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403?pg=1
  8. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351611
  9. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351611
  1. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403
  2. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403?pg=2

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