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恶心就是胃部不适，想吐。感到恶心的时候，胃里的东西可能反流到喉咙这个位置，刺激控制呕吐的神经，于是口腔不由自主地出现呕吐反应。很多情况和药品都会引起恶心，比如肠胃感冒、癌症、化疗、晕动症（晕车、晕船等）、药物副作用、怀孕、眩晕、焦虑或其它情绪。别担心，恶心其实很常见，也有很多应对的方法。
步骤
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有些食物会让恶心更严重，要尽量避免食用。 这些东西会刺激你的胃，导致反胃、恶心和呕吐。所以感觉不对的时候，不要吃以下的东西：
- 油炸食品等油腻的食物
- 辣的或者调味较重的食物
- 薯片、炸面圈、快餐或者罐头等加工过的食物
- 含咖啡因和酒精的食物，特别是咖啡
- 香味特别重的食物
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姜有缓解恶心的作用。 姜能镇静胃部，并缓解消化。姜的用法也有很多，你可以把新鲜的姜或者姜粉加在食物里，吃姜糖或者生姜，还可以喝姜茶。 [6] X 研究来源 市面上还可以买到姜胶囊，一般用量是1000mg，用温水吞服。 [7] X 研究来源 Lien H.C. et al. Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Published 1 March 2003 Vol. 284 no. 3
- 姜是居家必备的治疗恶心的良药，可以应对多种情况下产生的恶心，包括各类晕动症、怀孕或者化疗造成的恶心，和术后恶心等等。 [8] X 研究来源 Ernst E, Pittler M.H. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. British Journal of Anesthesia. Vol 84 Issue 3. p367-371. 2000
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小口喝水。 恶心和胃部不适有关，所以你得留意任何进到胃里的东西。恶心的时候，小口地饮用不含酒精的饮料，像是白开水、运动饮料、苏打水和茶等。喝太多液体也会导致呕吐，所以一定要小口喝。试试每隔5到10分钟喝一两口。这样做能镇静你的胃，如果你已经吐过了，还能补充你失去的水分和电解质。 [9] X 研究来源 [10] X 研究来源
- 像姜汁和柠檬苏打水等饮料对恶心很有帮助。喝的时候不必太刻意控制饮用量。
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不要吃了就躺下。 你刚刚吃进去的食物还没有被消化，如果你在它们消化的时候躺下了，胃里的食物可能回流到食道，从而导致恶心，最后可能引起胃酸反流，甚至呕吐。
- 饭后百步走，活到九十九。建议饭后散步30分钟，以助消化。
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试试用薄荷香缓解恶心。 吸入大量薄荷的香味能缓解恶心和呕吐。研究表明，吸入薄荷油不仅能减少恶心和呕吐的几率和严重程度，也能减少抗恶心药物的使用。 [15] X 研究来源 Sites DS. et al. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia nursing. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9 [16] X 研究来源 Lua PL, Zakaria NS. A brief review of current scientific evidence involving aromatherapy use for nausea and vomiting. Journal of complementary and alternative medicine. 2012 Jun;18(6):534-40 [17] X 研究来源 Tate S. Peppermint oil: a treatment for postoperative nausea. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997, 26, 543–549 在杂货铺、药店等地方都能买到薄荷油。具体的使用方法有：
- 直接对着瓶口吸气，或者滴几滴在棉球上，放进杯子里，再吸气。
- 把薄荷油擦在腹部或者胸腔位置，这样你呼吸的时候能闻到它的味道。
- 将油兑水，倒进喷瓶里，在家或者车上都可以使用。
- 洗澡之前，在水里加5到10滴。 [18] X 研究来源
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有意识地呼吸。 对于术后恶心，有研究显示深度控制呼吸可以减少恶心的发生。 [19] X 研究来源 [20] X 研究来源 Sites DS. et al. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia nursing. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9 首先，找个安静舒适的地方坐着，正常地呼吸，用鼻子深深地吸气，让胸腔和下腹慢慢鼓起来，直到撑到极限。然后，用嘴巴慢慢地吐气。如果你觉得用鼻子呼吸更舒服的话，当然也可以用鼻子。
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听音乐缓解恶心。 对于化疗造成的恶心，有研究证实音乐疗法可以缓解症状。 [23] X 研究来源 Madson AT, Silverman MJ. The effect of music therapy on relaxation, anxiety, pain perception, and nausea in adult solid organ transplant patients. Journal of Music Therapy. 2010 Fall;47(3):220-32 [24] X 研究来源 Karagozoglu S, Tekyasar F, Yilmaz FA. Effects of music therapy and guided visual imagery on chemotherapy-induced anxiety and nausea-vomiting. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013 Jan;22(1-2):39-50 音乐疗法不仅仅是听音乐那么简单，它需要音乐治疗师这类专业人士为病人量身定制治疗方法。广告
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一些常见的情况会有常用的药物。 如果是偏头痛引起恶心，可以让医生给你开具甲氧氯普胺片或是普鲁氯嗪片。如果是晕动症或者头晕造成恶心，氯苯甲嗪和茶苯海明等抗组织胺药物很有用。
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害喜和术后恶心，还有肠胃感冒导致的恶心都是很常见的。 针对害喜的情况，可以服用维生素B6，每天50到200克既安全又有效。除了药片的形式，还可以买糖果或是棒棒糖。在怀孕初期，每天口服1克姜可以有效控制恶心和呕吐的现象。术后恶心可以使用多巴胺拮抗剂（氟哌利多和异丙嗪）、血清素拮抗剂（昂丹司琼）和地塞米松（类固醇）。 [30] X 研究来源 Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.广告
参考
- ↑ https://healthandcounseling.unca.edu/nausea-vomiting-diarrhea
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/food-nutrition/weight-loss/brat-diet-recovering-from-an-upset-stomach.html
- ↑ http://www.gundersenhealth.org/pregnancy/pregnancy/wellness-and-nutrition/anti-nausea-diet
- ↑ https://healthandcounseling.unca.edu/nausea-vomiting-diarrhea
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm
- ↑ https://www.g-pact.org/gastroparesis/alternative-nausea-treatment
- ↑ Lien H.C. et al. Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Published 1 March 2003 Vol. 284 no. 3
- ↑ Ernst E, Pittler M.H. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. British Journal of Anesthesia. Vol 84 Issue 3. p367-371. 2000
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm
- ↑ https://healthandcounseling.unca.edu/nausea-vomiting-diarrhea
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/motionsickness.html
- ↑ http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/14412/1/How-to-Stop-Nausea.html
- ↑ http://www.gundersenhealth.org/pregnancy/pregnancy/wellness-and-nutrition/anti-nausea-diet
- ↑ Sites DS. et al. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia nursing. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9
- ↑ Lua PL, Zakaria NS. A brief review of current scientific evidence involving aromatherapy use for nausea and vomiting. Journal of complementary and alternative medicine. 2012 Jun;18(6):534-40
- ↑ Tate S. Peppermint oil: a treatment for postoperative nausea. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997, 26, 543–549
- ↑ https://www.g-pact.org/gastroparesis/alternative-nausea-treatment
- ↑ http://advance.uconn.edu/2002/020225/02022508.htm
- ↑ Sites DS. et al. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia nursing. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9
- ↑ http://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/relaxation-techniques-breath-control-helps-quell-errant-stress-response
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/nauseaandvomiting/nauseaandvomiting/nausea-and-vomiting-other-treatments
- ↑ Madson AT, Silverman MJ. The effect of music therapy on relaxation, anxiety, pain perception, and nausea in adult solid organ transplant patients. Journal of Music Therapy. 2010 Fall;47(3):220-32
- ↑ Karagozoglu S, Tekyasar F, Yilmaz FA. Effects of music therapy and guided visual imagery on chemotherapy-induced anxiety and nausea-vomiting. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013 Jan;22(1-2):39-50
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/nauseaandvomiting/nauseaandvomiting/nausea-and-vomiting-other-treatments
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting.html
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting.html
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
- ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting.html
- ↑ Flake Z, Scalley RD, Bailey A. Practical Selection of Antiemetics. American Family Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1169-1174.
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