How to Build a Rain Gauge

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Construct a DIY rain gauge with household items and our full guide
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If you'd like to keep track of how much rainfall you're getting, you can either buy a rain gauge or make one for yourself. You only need a few simple materials, such as a plastic bottle, and a small amount of time. Use the gauge to compare the rainfall day to day, week to week, or even month to month.

Method 1
Method 1 of 2:

Creating a Rain Gauge With a Plastic Bottle

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  1. Use a pair of scissors to carefully cut the top of the bottle off. Cut just beneath where the bottle begins to narrow. A plastic soda bottle works best. Be sure to remove the paper label completely. [1]
    • Parental supervision may be necessary for younger children when cutting the bottle.
  2. Pour in the pebbles in the bottom of the bottle. Soda bottles are never flat. Pour in the pebbles to even out the bottom and to keep the gauge from tipping over if it’s windy or the downpour is extremely heavy. [2]
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  3. Remove the cap from the top of the bottle and turn it upside down. Place it upside down on the bottom part of the bottle so that the top is pointing downward. Secure the funnel in place by lining up the cut edges and taping the two halves together. [3]
    • Make sure that the top half is firmly held in place, and that there aren't any gaps between the two pieces of your gauge.
  4. Cut a long piece of duct tape and place it on the side of the gauge so that it creates a straight vertical line from the bottom of the bottle to the top. Take a marker and a straightedge to draw a horizontal line just above the pebbles. This is the bottom of the gauge.
    • Use duct tape for it’s strong adhesive properties. Masking tape, or other forms of tape, may come loose when soaking wet.
  5. Take a ruler and place it against the tape so that the 0 lines up with the bottom line you have marked off. Use a marker to mark off every half-centimeter or half-inch along the tape until you get to the top. Label the centimetres or inches from the top to the bottom. You want to be sure that your measurements will be easy to read throughout the duration of the experiment. [4]
    • Every half interval does not need to be labeled. Label every other mark by beginning with the second mark as 1 inch or cm. The marks in-between each label are a half measurement. Make sure to wait until your marker dries on the tape before placing your gauge in the rain. Do not use washable markers or apply markings while in the rain. If you have to reapply new tape or new markings midway through the experiment, your results may be considered inaccurate.
    • You may use any unit of measurement your experiment calls for. You can mark off every quarter-inch, eighth-inch, or centimeter.
  6. Set your gauge on a level surface. Make sure it isn’t obstructed by any branches or in the way of people walking by. Pour some water in the bottom until it reaches the 0 mark and then you’re ready to collect. [5]
    • You may also use coloured jelly instead of water to give yourself a reference point of where to start measuring. Use jelly or oil rather than another liquid as those may dissolve and mix into the water, ruining your measurements. These bottles are not evenly shaped on the bottom so you must account for this by establishing your starting point.
    • Make sure that the gauge is in a protected area. You want to ensure that there’s no disturbance from wind, debris, or anything else that could block or prevent rain from entering, like a branch or powerline.
  7. Check the forecast for rain. Check your gauge exactly 24 hours later to see how high the water has risen. Now you know how much rain has fallen. [6]
    • Check how closely your measurements compare to official ones by checking the news or online for the rainfall measurements of your area for the day.
  8. You can continue measuring for 7 - 14 days or until your curiosity has stopped. If this is an experiment assigned by your teacher, make sure you follow every perimeter and take measurements until the experiment tells you to stop. [7]
    • Try to take your measurements at roughly the same time so that you get a 24-hour reading. Then, dump the rain out between each measurement to start a new measurement for the next day.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 2:

Using a Measuring Cylinder

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  1. Get a plastic bottle . Find an empty two litre plastic bottle from your recyclables. You can also buy a two litre bottle of soda from your local supermarket or corner store and empty it out. [8] Make sure that it is completely empty and dry of its contents before using.
  2. Cut off the top. Cut a consistent diameter by carefully positioning masking tape a quarter of the way down around the bottle to create a horizontal line. [9] Use sharp scissors to cut the bottle at the masking tape. You want the diameter to be consistent.
  3. Remove the top of the bottle and invert it to fit upside down over the bottom of the bottle like a funnel. Use paperclips to hold the two halves snugly together. If there is a heavy downpour, you will need to make sure your rain gauge does not come apart.
  4. Find an adequate location to collect rain. You don’t want to place the gauge close to a high traffic area where it could get knocked over. Avoid placing it near buildings or trees where a change in wind direction could prevent any rain from falling into the gauge.
    • Keep it upright by placing it in a bucket or container. You may also dig a hole for the gauge to stand about halfway in.
  5. Measure your findings . Remove the gauge from its location at the prescribed time every day and take your measurement. Pour the collected rain into a measuring cylinder. [10] Be careful not to spill any water.
    • For example, your measuring cylinder may be measuring in cm so if you have collected rain for one week and the water you pour in from your rain gauge reaches the 10 cm mark on your measuring cylinder, you can ascertain that roughly 10 cm of rain has fallen during the week.
    • Compare your daily measurements. Using a pen and paper, record your findings every day at the exact same time of day to give you an accurate comparison.
  6. Most soda bottles are uneven at the bottom. Before you measure any rain, use a ruler to measure how much liquid fills the uneven bottom. Subtract this small amount from your final findings.
  7. Compare the amount of rain you gather to the length of time it takes to reach this amount. For example, how many days will it take to rain 15 cm. You can also compare the rainfall from month to month, week to week, or day to day. You may even graph your results to see the changes as the season progresses into the next.
    • You may also compare your findings with the wind speed, wind direction, or air pressure. Be sure to always replace your gauge at the same location.
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    Does diameter matter?
    Meredith Juncker, PhD
    Scientific Researcher
    Meredith Juncker is a PhD candidate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Her studies are focused on proteins and neurodegenerative diseases.
    Meredith Juncker, PhD
    Scientific Researcher
    Expert Answer
    I'd say it does because if the diameter is too large, the funnel will extend deeper into the bottle, and you'll have less room for measurements. if the diameter is too small, the funnel may not fit.
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  • Question
    What do I do if it leaks?
    Community Answer
    If the rain gauge leaks you can always re-make it. If you do not want to redo the whole rain gauge, you can simply dump the water out and tape the parts that leaked using waterproof tape.
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  • Question
    Can I heat the bottom of the bottle to make it straight?
    Community Answer
    No, the bottle is made of flimsy plastic that will likely just melt if you attempt to heat it. You would need a higher grade plastic to do so.
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      Tips

      • You may also want to put a small amount of cooking oil, baby oil, etc in the container before putting it in the rain. The oil keeps the water from evaporating, making your measurement more accurate.
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      • If you use a taller, thinner collecting vessel for the gauge itself, then you could calibrate it so that it can be read directly without need for the calculation every time you take a reading.
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      • Remember, if you put a millimeter of oil in the container, subtract a millimeter from your final measurement.
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      Warnings

      • Place in an open space where there are no overhanging plants, trees, hedges, buildings etc.
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      Things You'll Need

      • Rainy weather
      • Paper and pencil

      Method 1 :

      • Empty two-liter plastic bottle
      • Scissors
      • A few handfuls of clean pebbles, gravel, or marbles
      • Duct tape
      • Water
      • Ruler
      • Permanent marker

      Method 2 :

      • Empty two-liter plastic bottle
      • Scissors
      • Masking tape
      • Measuring Cylinder

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      References

      1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdeKdT0nwow
      2. ↑ https://www.steampoweredfamily.com/how-to-make-a-rain-gauge/
      3. ↑ https://www.science-sparks.com/weather-make-a-rain-gauge/
      4. ↑ http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/DIY-rain-gauge/
      5. ↑ http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/DIY-rain-gauge/
      6. ↑ http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/DIY-rain-gauge/
      7. ↑ http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/DIY-rain-gauge/
      8. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdeKdT0nwow
      9. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdeKdT0nwow
      1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdeKdT0nwow

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      The easiest way to build a rain gauge is to cut the top off a plastic soda bottle and put pebbles in the bottom of it. Place the cut-off part of the bottle upside down inside the bottle and tape it in place to make a funnel. Put a piece of duct tape vertically along the side of the bottle and mark it at ½ inch or ½ cm intervals. Set your gauge outdoors on a level surface in an unobstructed location. After it rains, measure the amount using the interval marks on the tape. For more information on how to analyze how much rain you collect over a period of time, keep reading below!

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