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Master the art of cutting back young or mature cherry trees with these simple diagrams
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Cherries are the perfect summertime fruit for plucking right off the tree or baking into a sweet cherry pie. But keeping your cherry tree healthy enough to produce fruit each year can seem daunting. Fortunately, it's a relatively simple process when done correctly. In this guide, we'll teach you how to prune young and mature cherry trees so you can promote your tree's growth and overall health each year.
Proper Way to Prune a Cherry Tree
- Clean and sharpen your pruning shears with bleach-water and a diamond file.
- Prune a new cherry tree one year after planting, starting at the central trunk.
- Use shears to head the top of the tree at a 45-degree angle.
- Select 4 healthy branches to create a scaffold whorl and shape the tree.
- Encourage open airflow by making angled cuts so only the scaffold remains.
Steps
Section 1 of 5:
How to Prune a Young Cherry Tree
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Wait 1 year for the sapling to grow 30 in (76 cm) before pruning. Ensure the sapling is well over 30 in (76 cm) before cutting it to avoid weakening the tree. [1] X Research source Pruning should be carried out during the summer, or when rain is unlikely for at least 6 weeks to avoid brown rot. [2] X Research source
- Some say pruning should be carried out when the tree is dormant, usually during the last weeks of November to mid-December in the Northern Hemisphere. [3] X Research source However, it’s always best to check the weather for the next rainfall.
- Light formative pruning can be done in the spring for a newly planted cherry plant. [4] X Trustworthy Source Royal Horticultural Society Leading gardening charity in the U.K. providing resources for identifying, growing and caring for flowers and other plants Go to source
- Cherry trees have a low tolerance for wet feet and are susceptible to brown rot, bacterial canker, root and crown rots, and water-borne fungal diseases. [5] X Research source
- Cherry trees come in two varieties: sweet and acidic. Sweet is best in sunny areas, while acidic is ideal for areas with partial shade. [6] X Trustworthy Source Royal Horticultural Society Leading gardening charity in the U.K. providing resources for identifying, growing and caring for flowers and other plants Go to source
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Sterilize your pruning shears with a bleach-water solution. Using dirty, dull running shears to make cuts on a tree leaves it prone to disease. To combat this, make a solution of 1 part bleach to 3 parts water. Dip your shears in the solution for 5 minutes and rinse them with hot water. Then, dry them with a clean towel. [7] X Research source
- Alternatively, use 1 part rubbing alcohol or denatured ethanol with 1 part of water. [8] X Research source
- Sterilizing your solution reduces the chances of spreading disease amongst healthy trees.
- If possible, sharpen shears with a diamond file to limit damage to the wood on your cherry tree.
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Cut 24 to 36 inches (61.0 to 91.4 cm) off the top of the central trunk at a 45-degree angle. Cutting the top of the tree is called heading. It's one of the most common techniques to redirect branching and produce new leaves. [9] X Research source With your sterilized, sharpened shears, trim the central trunk at a 45-degree angle so it's between 24 to 36 inches (61.0 to 91.4 cm) in height. Heading the tree will reduce the potential for disease and rot. Do this within the first year or two of planting the tree during the summer. [10] X Research source
- Heading cuts should only be performed on the top of the cherry tree and not near where the cherries eventually fruit, as this can cause reactive growth at the point of the cut. [11] X Research source
- If you wait until spring, the tree will have developed buds, and the energy that goes into bud formation will be wasted.
- Cutting before the buds have formed allows the tree to use that energy to produce healthy branches.
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Create a scaffold whorl after the first dormant season with 4 branches. After planting the cherry tree for a year, remove the central lead in the summer to redirect tree growth toward three or four strong scaffolds. A scaffold whorl is a set of 4 lateral branches that extend from the tree to provide structure and balance. Select four to five healthy branches spaced 8 inches (20 cm) apart to form your scaffold. The lowest branch should be 18 inches (45.7 cm) above the ground. [12] X Research source
- If you attempt to make a scaffold too yearly, you may hurt your cherry tree.
- Opt for branches growing at a 45 to 60-degree angle.
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Make angled cuts 1 ⁄ 4 inch (0.6 cm) on each scaffold branch. Ideally, you want to cut each 4 or 5 scaffold branches back to 24 inches (61.0 cm). Using pruners, make an angled cut 1 ⁄ 4 inch (0.6 cm) above the buds on the branches. New growth will emerge when you make these cuts. Dispose of the cut branches in a waste or compost bin. [13] X Research source
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Keep two secondary branches on each branch on your scaffold whorl. Look for two well-spaced, strong secondary branches to keep on each branch you just cut. Trim back the remaining branches at an angle, leaving the two strongest branches on each piece of your scaffold. This will help the tree focus its energy on the branches that remain and produce a greater concentration of fruit. [14] X Research source
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Trim back the remaining branches and leave an open center. Make clean, angled cuts against the main tree so only the branches that are part of the scaffold remain. Cherry trees require airflow to grow correctly. Your hand should be able to pass through the tree's center without hitting other branches. [15] X Research source
- Avoid making cuts that are flush to the main branch. An angled cut helps water and rainfall run off the tree, keeping the cherry tree healthy.
- If a young tree has any broken limbs and crossing branches, remove them. [16] X Trustworthy Source Royal Horticultural Society Leading gardening charity in the U.K. providing resources for identifying, growing and caring for flowers and other plants Go to source
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Create a second scaffold whorl the following summer. After another season of growth, the tree will be taller with more branches. Assess the tree and determine which branches you want to keep to create a second scaffold that's two feet higher than the first one. [17] X Research source This should be carried out no later than August. [18] X Research source
- Choose branches that don't fall directly over the older primary branches. Create a scaffolded shape so that sunlight can reach the tree branches.
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Section 2 of 5:
Pruning a Mature Cherry Tree
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Remove ⅓ of the previous year's growth to encourage growth. After the third year, the cherry tree has matured, so it no longer requires new scaffolds. [19] X Research source It's best to trim back vertical branches during the summer since outward-growing branches bear more fruit than the latter. If a new shoot is too long, cut it back by a third or half. [20] X Research source
- Loppers and pruning saws are suitable pruning tools for trees that are too thick to handle with pruning shears. Be sure your tools are sharp and clean before you use them.
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Trim any dead or diseased branches from the canopy. Dead or diseased branches can slowly kill your cherry tree, so cut back any dead or dried branches, leaves, and dead fruit using a sharp tool at an angle. Throw the remains in a compost heap or garbage. [21] X Trustworthy Source Royal Horticultural Society Leading gardening charity in the U.K. providing resources for identifying, growing and caring for flowers and other plants Go to source
- Always sterilize your pruning shears before using them, even if you're cutting away a few dead branches.
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Cut back new shoots and seedlings. If you see shoots growing at the base of the cherry tree, cut them. Pull out seedlings so the cherry tree's roots don't have to compete with a new tree. [22] X Trustworthy Source Royal Horticultural Society Leading gardening charity in the U.K. providing resources for identifying, growing and caring for flowers and other plants Go to source
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Prune any crossing, misplaced, or excess branches each season. Step back to look at your cherry tree and ensure it's growing properly. Prune new branches that aren't attached to the scaffold whorls and branches that cross over one another. Remember, the goal is to create an open shade so sunlight and air can reach the middle of the tree to help it bear fruit. [23] X Research source
- Branches that don't produce fruit can be cut back at an angle with the leader.
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Dispose of all cut branches and trimmings. Cherry trees are prone to disease, so removing all the trimmings after you finish pruning, especially if you prune away dead branches, is best. Pick the dead matter off the ground and make sure to dispose of them far away from the tree to prevent disease. [24] X Research source
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Remove dead or dying branches during any season. You might come upon a diseased or dying branch during the spring or summer, the least ideal time to prune a cherry tree. If this happens, prune away the branch, whether it’s dormant or not. The disease might spread to other parts of the tree if you don't remove it right away. [25] X Research source
- If you're working with a diseased tree, clean the pruning tools you use between every cut. Dip them in a bleach solution, wash them with hot water, and dry them off before proceeding.
- After you cut, cover the exposed cut with salve to protect it.
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Expert Q&A
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QuestionCan you cut back a cherry tree?Lauren Kurtz is a Naturalist and Horticultural Specialist. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Water Conservation Department. She earned a BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.Yes. Cherry trees should be pruned regularly, usually during the winter, to remove dead, diseased or damaged branches and to open up the canopy. Remove about 1/3 of the branches annually or every several years. Rejuvenation pruning can be completed on an old neglected tree.
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QuestionWhen should you prune a cherry tree?Lauren Kurtz is a Naturalist and Horticultural Specialist. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Water Conservation Department. She earned a BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.Prune in the winter when the tree is dormant. For sweet cherries, some sources recommend pruning lightly in the late summer.
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QuestionCan you prune a flowering cherry tree?Lauren Kurtz is a Naturalist and Horticultural Specialist. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Water Conservation Department. She earned a BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.It is not recommended as the tree will become stressed and fruit set will be dramatically reduced. However, thinning of overcrowded fruit can be beneficial to fruit size. Plan to prune in the winter when the tree is dormant.
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Tips
- It is important to understand the type of cherry tree that you have before pruning it. Pruning certain cherry trees at the wrong time of year or cutting away fruit-producing buds can destroy a season's fruit or even permanently damage the trees' fruit-producing abilities. Bing, black, flowering, and Japanese are some of the specific varieties of cherry trees.Thanks
- You can seal all pruned branches of your cherry tree with non-asphalt-based pruning paste to prevent germs, bacteria, and fungus from spreading into the branches.Thanks
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Warnings
- Only prune a cherry tree once it has produced fruit for the season. Otherwise, you may not have cherries until the following year.Thanks
- Do not prune cherry trees in damp conditions. Cherry trees are prone to diseases caused by fungal infections. They are more likely to get them when branches are cut and exposed to damp or moist environments.Thanks
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References
- ↑ https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/files/Research_Center/NW_Mich_Hort/Training_Pruning_Varities/TrainingPruningYoungCherryTreesE1744.pdf
- ↑ https://marinmg.ucanr.edu/EDIBLES/FRUITTREES/?uid=11&ds=1003
- ↑ https://smartcherry.world/dormancy/dormancy-stage-in-the-nothern-hemisphere
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/fruit/cherries/grow-your-own
- ↑ https://marinmg.ucanr.edu/EDIBLES/FRUITTREES/?uid=11&ds=1003
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/fruit/cherries/grow-your-own
- ↑ https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/media/sfylifasufledu/baker/docs/pdf/horticulture/DisinfectingPruningTools.pdf
- ↑ https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/media/sfylifasufledu/baker/docs/pdf/horticulture/DisinfectingPruningTools.pdf
- ↑ https://www.goodfruit.com/four-steps-to-cherry-pruning/
- ↑ https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/extension-gardener-handbook/15-tree-fruit-and-nuts
- ↑ https://marinmg.ucanr.edu/EDIBLES/FRUITTREES/?uid=11&ds=1003
- ↑ https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/extension-gardener-handbook/15-tree-fruit-and-nuts
- ↑ https://youtu.be/EWPEuJ48kmU?t=283
- ↑ https://youtu.be/EWPEuJ48kmU?t=243
- ↑ https://youtu.be/EWPEuJ48kmU?t=389
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/types/trees/formative-pruning
- ↑ http://www.naturehills.com/about-garden-plants/pruning-cherry-tree
- ↑ https://marinmg.ucanr.edu/EDIBLES/FRUITTREES/?uid=11&ds=1003
- ↑ https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-grow-cherry-trees
- ↑ https://youtu.be/EWPEuJ48kmU?t=239
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/types/trees/formative-pruning
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=260
- ↑ https://youtu.be/EWPEuJ48kmU?t=389
- ↑ http://www.swansonsnursery.com/cherry-tree-care/
- ↑ http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/lawn-and-garden/maintain-trees-and-shrubs/
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/fruit/cherries/grow-your-own
- ↑ https://marinmg.ucanr.edu/EDIBLES/FRUITTREES/?uid=11&ds=1003
- ↑ https://extension.unh.edu/blog/2018/02/why-we-prune-fruiting-plants-when-do-it
- ↑ https://extension.psu.edu/thinning-fruit-crops-in-home-fruit-plantings
About This Article
Article Summary
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Before pruning your cherry tree, measure it and only prune it if it is taller than 30 inches. To head the tree, diagonally cut off the top so the tree is between 24 to 36 inches tall as this will help prevent rot. Wait at least a year before pruning a scaffold whorl, which is 4 branches extending from the tree. When it's time to prune the whorl, cut the 4 branches back to 24 inches in length and leave 2 smaller branches on each of the 4 main branches. As the tree grows, create a second scaffold whorl a year later. For more tips from our Horticulturist reviewer, including how to create a scaffold so your cherry tree grows healthily, read on!
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Reader Success Stories
- "We have a cherry tree with no lateral branches in the center - a neighborhood cat broke the branches a few years ago. We've been thinking of heading it off and not sure how to do it. Although we are taking a risk in removing so much of the tree at once, there are fine lateral branches already there and this has really helped us to understand how to move forward with the reshaping. We had considered removing it but are willing to try this over a couple of dormant seasons. Thanks!!" ..." more
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"We have a cherry tree with no lateral branches in the center - a neighborhood cat broke the branches a few years ago. We've been thinking of heading it off and not sure how to do it. Although we are taking a risk in removing so much of the tree at once, there are fine lateral branches already there and this has really helped us to understand how to move forward with the reshaping. We had considered removing it but are willing to try this over a couple of dormant seasons. Thanks!!"
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"I'd never heard of whorl pruning until now. My sour cherry tree is producing incredibly, but this year I do not think it has sufficient leaves to grow properly, so I also need info on an overproductive tree and how severely to prune it for leaf health."
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"I have a cherry tree about 20 years old and was going to heavily prune it today. I learned a lot from this website. First thing is to prune it over a 3 year period. Second to sterilize my equipment. It's very damp today so I'll wait till it's drier."
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"Good information. This article is detailed enough without being too complicated. My tart cherry trees are are about five years old and never been trimmed, but are producing a lot of fruit. I'm probably going to use both techniques this fall."
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"My hubby wants to trim our cherry tree now, but I knew it was not the right time. I am going to have him read this, and hopefully it will give him better understanding on how to do it and why it's done at certain times of year!"
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