How to Treat Conjunctivitis in Cats

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Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the inner pink membrane of the eye. It is the most common eye problem in cats. [1] In fact, most cats will experience conjunctivitis at some point in their lives. [2] If your cat has conjunctivitis, her eyes will probably look and feel very uncomfortable. Act promptly so she can get the treatment she needs to start feeling better.

Part 1
Part 1 of 2:

Treating the Cause of Conjunctivitis

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    [3] Feline conjunctivitis is classified as either infectious or non-infectious. Causes of infectious conjunctivitis include viruses (feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus), bacteria, and fungi. Examples of non-infectious causes are foreign objects (e.g., dust), airborne chemicals, and allergens. [4]
    • The most common infectious causes are feline herpesvirus, Chlamydia felis, and feline mycoplasma. Chlamydia and mycoplasma are types of bacteria.
    • Taking your cat to your veterinarian will help you determine what is causing your cat’s conjunctivitis. [5] If non-infectious agents are not the cause, your veterinarian will perform different diagnostic tests to identify the infectious agent. [6]
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    Once your veterinarian has identified the cause of your cat’s conjunctivitis, they will recommend various treatment options. Discuss these options with your veterinarian. For general conjunctivitis (no specific cause), treatment usually consists of topical antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., hydrocortisone) that go in the affected eye. [7] [8] [9]
    • For feline herpesvirus conjunctivitis, treatments include topical antivirals, topical antibiotics, and oral interferon alpha (suppresses immune response to virus). [10]
    • Topical antibiotics for general or herpesvirus conjunctivitis treat bacterial infections that occur when the immune system becomes depressed after a viral infection.
    • For bacterial conjunctivitis, topical antibiotics are used. Tetracycline works for Chlamydial infections. [11]
    • If a foreign body is stuck in your cat’s eye, your veterinarian may need to perform surgery to remove it. [12]
    • Topical eye treatments are available as drops or ointments.
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    If you have a multi-cat household, you will need to isolate the cat being treated. Infectious conjunctivitis can easily spread between cats, so you want to make sure your cat does not infect the other cats. [13]
    • Keep your cat isolated for the duration of the treatment.
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    Place eye drops or eye ointment into your cat’s affected eye. Eye drops are easier to administer than ointments, but need to be given frequently (3‒6 times/day). Eye ointments can be given less frequently than drops, but are more difficult to administer. [14] If you are unsure how to give your cat the eye medications, have your veterinarian show you the technique before you leave the veterinary clinic.
    • Your veterinarian will prescribe the number of eye drops (if applicable) and how often to administer the treatment.
    • Before applying the eye drops or ointment, you may need to remove discharge around the eyes with a clean cotton ball and eyewash solution. [15] Your veterinarian will recommend an eyewash solution for you.
    • Eye drops will disperse quickly over the surface of the eye, so you will not need to rub the eye afterwards.
    • For the ointment, you will spread a line of ointment across the eye. Since it is thick, you will need to close and gently massage the eyelid to make sure the ointment spreads across the eye. [16]
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    Your cat's eyes will probably looking better in a few days. However, do not stop treatment. This is especially important for infectious conjunctivitis—if you stop treatment early, the infectious agent may not be completely killed and may end up causing recurrent infection. [17]
    • It usually takes about 1 to 2 weeks before a cat’s eyes fully recover from conjunctivitis. Even if your cat’s eyes look better after just a few days, treating her for a week or more will ensure that her eyes fully recover. [18]
    • You may need to treat your cat for up to 3 weeks. [19]
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    Although treatments are available for feline viral conjunctivitis, there is no actual cure. This can make treatment for this form of conjunctivitis very frustrating and challenging. In addition, topical antiviral treatments tend to be very expensive and need to be given frequently. If your cat has viral conjunctivitis, be prepared for lifelong management of the condition, rather than a short-term cure.
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Part 2
Part 2 of 2:

Managing Recurrent Conjunctivitis

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    Since viral conjunctivitis is not curable, it can recur after initial treatment. These flare-ups are often caused by stress. Therefore, you should identify and remove potential stressors in your cat’s environment. For example, keep your cat’s daily routine as steady as possible.
    • If you have multiple cats, make sure each cat has her own ‘supplies’ (e.g., food and water bowls, toys, litter box) to reduce bullying or fighting between cats.
    • Your cat may also feel stressed if she becomes bored. Provide her with plenty of toys and rotate them on a regular basis. Puzzle toys are especially useful for keeping a cat busy and entertained.
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    Herpesvirus requires an amino acid called arginine to replicate. However, when the amino acid lysine is present, the virus will take up lysine instead of arginine, which will stop the virus from replicating. [20] Your veterinarian can recommend a specific oral lysine supplement for your cat.
    • Lysine can be used as a lifelong management option for feline herpesvirus conjunctivitis. [21]
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    The severity of a herpesvirus conjunctivitis flare-up can be reduced with ocular ( not injectable) vaccination. The vaccination works by strengthening the immune system and making the flare-up more bearable for your cat. [22] Discuss this vaccination option with your veterinarian.
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    [23] If your cat’s allergies caused her conjunctivitis, then you should reduce her to exposure to the offending allergen as much as possible. [24] For example, if she is allergic to dust, you will need to dust your home more frequently. If she is an outdoor cat, you may need to keep her indoors and away from outdoor allergens like pollen.
    • If your cat's eyes became irritated when you used certain household cleaners, try keeping your cat away from the area where you are cleaning.
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    If your cat’s eyes start to look swollen and red, and you see colored discharge (e.g., green, yellow) coming from her eyes, your cat is likely experiencing a conjunctivitis flare-up. Other signs of a flare-up include increased tear production, squinting, and sensitivity to bright light. [25] When your cat experiences a flare-up, contact your veterinarian about the best way to manage it.
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    Why is my cat prone to conjunctivitis?
    Jamie Freyer, DVM
    Licensed Veterinarian
    Dr. Jamie Freyer is a Licensed Doctor of Veterinary Medicine based in Washington. With over ten years of experience in clinical practice and industry, she specializes in veterinary medicine and surgery, animal behavior, and animal genetics. Dr. Freyer holds a BS in Life Science from The University of Portland and a DVM from Oregon State University.
    Jamie Freyer, DVM
    Licensed Veterinarian
    Expert Answer
    Your cat may be more prone to getting conjunctivitis if they have recurring calicivirus, herpes, immune deficiencies, FeLV, or FIV.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
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  • Question
    I have a litter of kittens, and their eyes are all closed, pink, and swollen. They have lost hair around their eyes, and two have lost weight. Their noses seem to be congested, too. I cannot afford a veterinarian. What can I do?
    Community Answer
    I too have a litter of kittens with the same issue. Use a cotton ball with an eye wash solution. You'll want to squeeze it out of the cotton onto the closed up eyes, allowing it to penetrate before wiping, as the eye is already red, probably swollen too. You'll have to get the crust off the nose as well. Take them to a rescue organization ASAP to get them meds. They need meds for their eyes. But if you treat one, you must treat them all, so I hope you are in good with the mama.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
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  • Question
    Can I use human eye drops for conjunctivitis on cats?
    Community Answer
    No, you shouldn't use human medication on your cat unless explicitly instructed to do so by your veterinarian.
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      • Conjunctivitis is most common in young cats, particularly those in high-stress environments (catteries, shelters, outdoors). [27]
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      • In addition to topical medication, your cat may need oral antibiotics if her conjunctival infection is severe. [28]
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      References

      1. ↑ http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2124&aid=250
      2. ↑ https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/conjunctivitis
      3. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 8 October 2021.
      4. ↑ https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/conjunctivitis
      5. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 8 October 2021.
      6. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 8 October 2021.
      7. ↑ http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/conjunctivitis-in-cats/75
      8. ↑ http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2124&aid=250
      9. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 8 October 2021.
      1. ↑ http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?A=1327
      2. ↑ http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/eye_and_ear/chlamydial_conjunctivitis/overview_of_chlamydial_conjunctivitis.html
      3. ↑ http://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/eyes/c_ct_conjunctivitis?page=2#
      4. ↑ http://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/eyes/c_ct_conjunctivitis?page=2
      5. ↑ http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/conjunctivitis-in-cats/75
      6. ↑ https://www.medicanimal.com/3-Steps-to-Correctly-Administer-Eye-Drops-to-Your-Cat/a/ART111471
      7. ↑ http://icatcare.org/advice/how-guides/how-give-your-cat-eye-dropsointment
      8. ↑ http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/conjunctivitis-in-cats/75
      9. ↑ http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2124&aid=250
      10. ↑ https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/conjunctivitis
      11. ↑ http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?A=1327
      12. ↑ http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/conjunctivitis-in-cats/75
      13. ↑ http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?A=1327
      14. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 8 October 2021.
      15. ↑ http://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/eyes/c_ct_conjunctivitis?page=2#
      16. ↑ http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/conjunctivitis-in-cats/75
      17. ↑ https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/conjunctivitis
      18. ↑ http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?A=1327
      19. ↑ http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2124&aid=250
      20. ↑ https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/conjunctivitis
      21. ↑ https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/conjunctivitis
      22. ↑ http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?A=1327
      23. ↑ http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2124&aid=250
      24. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 8 October 2021.

      About This Article

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      To treat conjunctivitis in cats, it's important that you take your cat to the vet so they can determine what's causing the conjunctivitis and recommend a treatment plan. Usually, your vet will prescribe topical antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications that go in your cat's eye. After getting medication for your cat, make sure you complete the full course of treatment, even if your cat's eye starts to look better before the course is up. Also, if you have multiple cats, keep your infected cat isolated until its treatment is over so it doesn't spread the infection. To learn how to manage recurrent conjunctivitis, scroll down!

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