How to Treat Skin Allergies in Golden Retrievers

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Skin allergies are common in dogs. A common skin disease, called Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD), is especially common in Golden Retrievers. CAD causes very itchy skin, due to the immune system’s response to environmental allergens (substances causing allergies, like dust or pollen) coming into contact with the skin. [1] CAD can make your Golden Retriever feel pretty miserable. After your vet has diagnosed your Golden Retriever with CAD, start treatment as soon as possible. Although there is no cure for CAD, several long term treatment options are available to help your Golden Retriever feel much less itchy.

Method 1
Method 1 of 6:

Reducing Exposure to Allergens

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    One way to treat CAD is to reduce exposure to environmental allergens. For some dogs, this will mean avoiding cut grass, or staying indoors during peak pollen season. When your Golden Retriever does need to go outside, wipe it down with a wet cloth afterwards to remove the pollen from its fur and skin. Keeping your Golden Retriever inside all the time may make it get antsy and hyper, though, so this method may not be practical for every dog. [2]
    • Pay special attention to wiping off your Golden Retriever’s paws. [3] Your dog could lick its paws or touch another part of its body with the paws and trigger an allergic reaction.
    • Reducing exposure can be effective if your vet identified the specific ‘culprit’ allergen. Without knowing the specific allergen, reducing exposure would be very difficult. [4]
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    If your Golden Retriever is allergic to dust or dust mites, several avoidance strategies are available. For example, dust and vacuum your home frequently (at least once a week). [5] In addition, wash your Golden Retriever’s bedding in hot water regularly. Changing your air filters regularly, according to product instructions, will also help keep dust out of the air in your home. [6] Other strategies to reduce exposure to dust and dust mites are:
    • Placing a plastic cover over your dog’s bed
    • Using the air conditioner when it’s hot outside
    • Keeping your Golden Retriever in non-carpeted rooms, such as the kitchen
    • Keeping your Golden Retriever out of recently vacuumed areas
    • Not giving your Golden Retriever stuffed toys to play with, since they could accumulate dust
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    Mold is another common allergen associated with CAD. If your Golden Retriever is allergic to mold, consider using dehumidifiers, which reduce humidity in the air. Dehumidifiers are available at home supply stores. Also, avoid having houseplants, since the soil of potted plants can get moldy. [7] Keeping your Golden Retriever out of the basement and avoiding dusty pet foods can also reduce mold exposure.
    • If you do have house plants, put activated charcoal on the soil to prevent mold development. Look for activated charcoal at your local gardening store.
    • Clean your dehumidifiers according to the product’s instructions. Cleaning them will help them work more effectively.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 6:

Bathing Your Golden Retriever

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    Bathing your Golden Retriever is an important component of treating CAD, since it will remove allergens that may have settled on your dog’s fur. If your Golden Retriever has scratched its skin so much that it has become infected, a medicated shampoo will help treat those infected skin lesions. Medicated shampoo will contain either an antimicrobial or antifungal ingredient.
    • Medicated shampoos often contain oatmeal or essential fatty acids to keep the skin from drying out. [8]
    • Purchase the medicated shampoo at your vet’s office.
    • Do not use a human shampoo to bathe your dog. Dog skin and human skin have different pH levels. Because of the pH differences, human shampoo could irritate your Golden Retriever’s skin.
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    To help your Golden Retriever feel less itchy, bathe it either once a week or every other week. Even if your Golden Retriever feels really itchy, do not bathe it too frequently (more than once a week)—this could strip its skin of essential oils, causing dry skin. If your Golden Retriever still seems uncomfortably itchy with weekly or bi-weekly bathing, talk with your vet about how often you should bathe your dog.
    • Consider rinsing or wiping down your Golden Retriever each day. This would remove the allergens in between baths. However, this may not be practical if you have a busy schedule.
    • You could also use a topical anti-inflammatory product between baths on the itchy spots. This product, which would contain a steroid like hydrocortisone, would be available at your vet’s office.
    • If your Golden Retriever has skin lesions, wash very gently around those areas, since they may be very sensitive to the touch.
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    When you finish bathing your Golden Retriever, apply a leave-in conditioner to the skin and coat. This conditioner will not only soothe the skin, but also serve as a barrier to keep allergens from contacting the skin. [9] Apply the conditioner according to the product label instructions.
    • Use a pet-safe conditioner.
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Method 3
Method 3 of 6:

Treating Skin Allergies with Antihistamines

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    Antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergies in dogs. They work by blocking the release of histamine from mast cells (cells involved in allergic reactions). Antihistamines work best in dogs with seasonal or mild skin allergies. If this describes your Golden Retriever’s CAD, then your vet will probably prescribe an antihistamine. [10]
    • Antihistamines are effective in about 30% of dogs with CAD.
    • Antihistamines are inexpensive and have very few side effects.
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    Antihistamines work best when given consistently, not just as needed. If you give your Golden Retriever the antihistamine after an allergic reaction has started, then it’s already too late—the antihistamine needs to be in your dog’s system before the mast cells have a chance to release histamine. [11] Your vet will probably want you to give your Golden Retriever an antihistamine two to three times daily.
    • Antihistamines for dogs are given by mouth.
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    Antihistamines do not work the same in every dog. For this reason, your vet may recommend trying up to three antihistamines before moving on to a different type of therapy. Examples of dog-safe antihistamines are Benadryl, Zyrtec, and Claritin. These are human, over-the-counter antihistamines, but their dosages can be adjusted to be effective in dogs.
    • Note that the active medication in Benadryl can vary depending on the country. Always check with a vet to make sure the key component of any antihistamine is safe. [12]
    • Try each antihistamine for 10 – 14 days. [13]
    • Your Golden Retriever may need a higher dose of antihistamine than a human would need. Before using these over-the-counter antihistamines, ask your vet what dosage of antihistamine your dog will need.
    • With each antihistamine, contact your vet to let them know if your Golden Retriever’s symptoms are getting any better.
    • Your Golden Retriever may still be itchy with antihistamine therapy. However, the itchiness will probably be less than what it was before.
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Method 4
Method 4 of 6:

Treating Skin Allergies with Steroids

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    Steroids are anti-inflammatory. By decreasing inflammation, steroids help a dog with CAD feel less itchy. However, steroids have serious long-term side effects, including increased drinking and urinating, liver enlargement, high blood pressure, and a weakened immune system. Because CAD requires lifelong therapy, you and your vet will need to discuss the safest way to use steroids to treat your Golden Retriever’s CAD.
    • Even though steroids rapidly reduce itching and inflammation, your vet’s goal may be to limit or even eliminate the use of steroids for your Golden Retriever. [14]
    • Prednisone is a type of steroid used to treat CAD. [15]
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    Steroids can be given as short-term relief for flare-ups (temporary episodes of itchiness). [16] They can also be given for the duration of an allergy season, as long as the season is short (a few months or less). As a third option, steroids can be given as long term, low-dose therapy. Your vet will determine which type of steroid therapy your Golden Retriever will need.
    • If your Golden Retriever needs long term steroid therapy, your vet may prescribe a low dosage to be given every other day. Your vet would start with an initial dosage, then gradually decrease that dosage as your Golden Retriever’s symptoms improve.
    • Do not make changes to the steroid dosage on your own. This could make treatment more challenging.
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    If your Golden Retriever is on long term steroid therapy, monitoring for side effects is very important. In addition to observing your dog at home, your vet will want to see your dog regularly to analyze blood and urine samples. [17] For example, because steroids can cause liver enlargement, your vet will want to look for increased levels of liver enzymes in your dog’s blood.
    • If you notice any side effects (e.g., drinking and urinating more often, diarrhea, increased panting) at home, contact your vet right away. You do not have to wait until your regularly scheduled appointment to have your Golden Retriever examined.
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    In addition to steroids, your vet may prescribe other medications, such as antihistamines, with the goal of limiting or eliminating steroid use. Follow prescription instructions for these other medications. Your vet will determine if the other medications are working well enough to start phasing out the steroids from the treatment plan.
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Method 5
Method 5 of 6:

Treating Skin Allergies With Cyclosporine

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    Your vet may recommend a drug called cyclosporine, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unlike steroids, long term cyclosporine therapy is generally well tolerated by dogs. [18] However, cyclosporine is expensive, especially for large breed dogs.
    • Fortunately, as a dog starts to respond to cyclosporine therapy, the required dosage would decrease. Therefore, the cost of cyclosporine therapy would decrease over time.
    • Talk with your vet if you are concerned about the overall cost of cyclosporine.
    • Atopica® is the brand name for cyclosporine that is used in dogs.
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    Cyclosporine is an oral drug. Initially, it is usually given daily for 4‒6 weeks. Then, the dosage is gradually decreased to the lowest effective dose. Give the cyclosporine on an empty stomach. [19]
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    Cyclosporine can cause several side effects, including vomiting and diarrhea. Side effects usually occur within the first two weeks of therapy. Contact your vet if you observe these side effects. Your vet may recommend stopping the cyclosporine for a few days, then restarting it by giving it with a small amount of food. If there’s no diarrhea and vomiting after a few days, go back to giving cyclosporine on an empty stomach. [20]
    • Infections and thickening of the gums are rare side effects of cyclosporine.
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    Unlike the rapid treatment response with steroids, it may take 6‒8 weeks before your Golden Retriever responds to cyclosporine therapy. Even if you become impatient with waiting for a treatment response, do not change the cyclosporine dosage on your own—this could lead to treatment failure, which could make your Golden Retriever feel even itchier. [21]
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    Because cyclosporine decreases the immune response, your Golden Retriever’s immune system function may go down. Your vet will want to check your Golden Retriever’s white blood cell count regularly to assess the health of its immune system. If the white blood cell counts are low, your vet may need to adjust the cyclosporine dosage.
    • These follow-up visits will also allow your vet to determine how well your Golden Retriever is responding to therapy.
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Method 6
Method 6 of 6:

Using Immunotherapy to Treat Skin Allergies

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    Immunotherapy, also called Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT), is usually the best choice for treating CAD. It can help your Golden Retriever achieve remission (no visible signs of CAD) without the use of other medications (e.g., steroids, antihistamines). ASIT works by gradually desensitizing your dog’s immune system to the allergens causing the CAD. [22] The immunotherapy medicine, commonly given by injection, contains small amounts of the specific allergens to which your Golden Retriever is allergic.
    • By exposing your Golden Retriever to small, measured amounts of the allergens (rather than a large, uncontrolled amount in the environment), your dog’s immune system would slowly become more tolerant of the allergens over time, therefore lessening the allergic reaction. [23]
    • Results of the skin tests your vet performed to diagnose CAD would indicate the specific allergens.
    • Immunotherapy is most helpful for dogs that have skin allergies for longer than two to three months at a time and have not responded well to other skin allergy medications. It is a lifelong treatment.
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    Immunotherapy injections are usually given about once every one to four weeks. Your vet will let you know how often your Golden Retriever will need the injections. It may help to schedule several appointments at one time to make sure your dog receives stays on schedule with the treatment.
    • At the beginning of immunotherapy, your vet will increase the dosage of allergens until a maintenance dosage is reached. Your vet will determine the maintenance dosage and keep your Golden Retriever at this dosage level. Your vet may change the frequency of injections during the course of therapy. [24]
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    This may be the hardest part of immunotherapy, since it may take anywhere from a few months to a full year before a dog responds to this type of therapy. Because your Golden Retriever will not respond to immunotherapy very quickly, your vet will recommend treating your dog with other skin allergy medications during the course of immunotherapy.
    • Before starting immunotherapy, your vet will probably ask that you commit to this treatment for at least 1 year to see if it will work. [25]
    • Approximately 60 – 75% of dogs on immunotherapy will experience a 50% improvement in symptoms. This amount of improvement could mean that a dog does not need to be on other skin allergy medications. [26]
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      Tips

      • There is no ‘one size fits all’ treatment for CAD. [27] Your vet will come up with an individualized treatment plan for your Golden Retriever.
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      • Essential fatty acids (omega 3, omega 6) are recommended as dietary supplements for dogs with CAD. Although they will not decrease itchiness, they can improve coat quality. [28] They can also improve a dog’s treatment response to steroids and antihistamines. [29]
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      • Treating skin allergies in Golden Retrievers requires a lifelong commitment to treatment. This may sound daunting, but, with your commitment, your Golden Retriever can live a long and relatively itch-free life.
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      Warnings

      • Lifelong management of your Golden Retriever’s CAD may become very expensive.
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      • Not following your vet’s treatment recommendations could worsen your Golden Retriever’s CAD.
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      References

      1. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      2. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      3. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 7 December 2021.
      4. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      5. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 7 December 2021.
      6. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      7. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      8. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 7 December 2021.
      9. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      1. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      2. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      3. ↑ Jamie Freyer, DVM. Licensed Veterinarian. Expert Interview. 7 December 2021.
      4. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      5. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      6. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      7. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      8. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      9. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      10. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      11. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      12. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      13. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      14. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      15. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      16. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      17. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      18. ↑ https://www.nevetdermatology.com/canine-atopic-dermatitis-treatment/
      19. ↑ https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis
      20. ↑ https://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/allergy-general-in-dogs/428

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      To treat skin allergies in Golden Retrievers, start by bathing your dog once a week or every other week with a medicated shampoo made specifically for dogs. After each bath, apply a leave-in, pet-safe conditioner to your dog's skin and coat for additional benefits. If your dog has seasonal or mild skin allergies, you may want to talk to your vet about antihistamines. You can also ask your vet about steroidal medication to treat severe allergic reactions. For more tips from our Veterinary co-author, like how to safely administer steroids, read on!

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