How to Charge Lithium Ion Batteries

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The best way to charge lithium-ion batteries
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To charge your device, check the battery level, plug it into a charger, and disconnect it when the charge is below 100%. Take simple measures to preserve your lithium-ion battery such as practicing shallow discharge, not letting it continuously charge, and storing it at the correct temperature. [1]

Method 1
Method 1 of 2:

Charging Your Device

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  1. You only need to charge the battery of your device once the charge is low enough, as always having a fully charged battery will not improve the functioning of your device. To check the battery of your device, look for a small battery icon in the menu bar. If you are on a laptop, hover over the icon to see the percentage. If you are on a smartphone or a tablet, either click on the icon or expand the menu to see the percentage reading. [2]
    • Many devices will also be able to tell you how much operating time the current battery percentage will give you. This can be helpful if you are planning when you need to charge your device.
  2. Once you have determined that your device needs to charge, shut it down completely with the power switch or button if you don’t need to use it. This allows the lithium-ion battery to charge more effectively. [3]
    • When your device is turned off during charging, the lithium-ion battery is able to reach the set voltage threshold without being hindered. Overall, if the device is still left on, the lithium-ion battery is prevented from charging as it should.
    • Don't worry too much if you cannot have your device switched off while it is charging. Although turning the device off is ideal, it won't have a significant, negative effect on the battery if it is left on.
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  3. Connect your device to its charger before connecting the charger to a power outlet. Make sure that the power outlet is switched on. [4]
  4. Keep an eye on your device as it is charging and try to avoid letting it charge to 100%. This is because constantly charging the lithium-ion battery to 100% and leaving it plugged in can damage the battery health. [5]
    • Sometimes letting your device charge fully is unavoidable. Don’t worry about it if it does happen, but try to reduce how often it does and get into a routine of not letting it charge fully.
    • You can also download apps which will set a charging limit on your device. These are particularly useful for smartphones and tablets.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 2:

Increasing the Lifespan of the Battery

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  1. Lithium-ion batteries operate best when they are charged off and on throughout the day. Try to charge your device in bursts from approximately 40% up to approximately 80% at a time. Limit the number of times that you charge your device to 100% or let the battery drop down to 0%. [6]
    • Shallow discharges are better for the long-term health of the lithium-ion battery. This is because it helps to maximize the finite number of charge/discharge cycles that the battery has. This means that shallow discharges will help to maintain the lifespan of the battery. [7]
    • Ideally, never let your battery fall below 10%. [8]
  2. When the battery reaches a charge of approximately 80% or higher, disconnect your device from the charger. This prevents the battery from fully charging. It also stops the battery from entering a state of high-stress if it does remain plugged in after the battery has reached 100%.
    • Lithium-ion batteries do not tolerate overcharging well. Keeping your device charging once the battery has reached 100% degrades its lifespan. [9]
  3. There is a benefit to letting the battery reach 0% occasionally. Some devices have a "smart battery" that tells you how much longer you can use the device for at the current battery rate. Shallow discharging can cause the smart battery to become de-calibrated and to give inaccurate readings. Discharging the battery completely recalibrates the smart battery.
    • If the smart battery is giving inaccurate readings, this means that it will be more difficult for you to plan when to next charge your device. This can have a greater negative impact on the lifespan of your lithium-ion battery than letting it drop to 0% once per month.
  4. Lithium-ion batteries run the most effective within the recommended temperature range. However, lithium-ion batteries can be charged at temperatures between 32–113 °F (0–45 °C) if necessary. [10]
    • It is possible to charge a lithium-ion battery at below freezing temperatures, however, due to the nature of the battery it takes a long time to do so.
  5. If you are going to be not using your device and will be storing it away for some time, let it discharge to this level before you store it. This is the most effective level to store the lithium-ion battery at because it allows the battery to self-discharge slightly, remain operational, and minimize capacity loss. [11]
    • The best temperature for storing the battery and maintaining its lifespan is at 59 °F (15 °C). However, technically lithium-ion batteries can be stored at −40–122 °F (−40–50 °C). [12]
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    Is it better to keep lithium-ion batteries charged?
    Garnik Ovsepyan
    Computer Specialist
    Garnik Ovsepyan is a Computer Specialist and the Owner of HeliX PC based in Burbank, California. With over 25 years of experience, Garnik specializes in custom computer builds, computer repairs, virus removal, computer tune-ups, hardware and software troubleshooting and installations, diagnostics, and data backup and recovery.
    Garnik Ovsepyan
    Computer Specialist
    Expert Answer
    It's good to keep your batteries charged, but you should only charge them in short bursts. Try to unplug your device before it reaches 100%.
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  • Question
    How do I revitalize a wheelchair battery?
    Community Answer
    Parallel charge your dead batteries with a good, fully charged battery for approximately 30 seconds to revive, and then plug it in your normal lithium ion charger.
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      Tips

      • Although there are many measures that you can take, all lithium-ion batteries have a lifespan of only a few years or around 500 charge-discharge cycles. The proper charging and maintenance of a lithium ion can only help you to make the most of its lifespan, rather than extend it. [13]
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      • When your lithium-ion battery reaches the end of its life cycle, be sure to dispose of it properly by recycling it . Do not throw it into the normal trash, as it contains hazardous materials that can leach into the environment.
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      References

      1. ↑ https://www.popsci.com/charge-batteries-right
      2. ↑ http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/09/why-you-should-charge-your-phone-when-it-hits-50-percent.html
      3. ↑ https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries
      4. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/05/smarter-living/what-to-do-phone-tablet-wont-charge.html
      5. ↑ https://android.gadgethacks.com/how-to/set-charging-limit-your-android-device-avoid-excess-battery-wear-0176280/
      6. ↑ Garnik Ovsepyan. Computer Specialist. Expert Interview. 1 July 2021.
      7. ↑ https://www.popsci.com/charge-batteries-right
      8. ↑ Garnik Ovsepyan. Computer Specialist. Expert Interview. 1 July 2021.
      9. ↑ https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/power-management/battery-technology/lithium-ion-battery-charging.php
      1. ↑ https://batteryuniversity.com/index.php/learn/article/charging_at_high_and_low_temperatures
      2. ↑ https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries
      3. ↑ https://batteryuniversity.com/index.php/learn/article/how_to_store_batteries
      4. ↑ https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/five-apps/five-tips-for-extending-lithium-ion-battery-life/

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