How to Read an Eyeglass Prescription

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Learn to decode the values on your eyeglasses or contact lens prescription
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If you wear glasses, it’s useful to be able to read your prescription – especially if you want to order new specs from an online retailer. While your optometrist or eye doctor is required by law to give you a copy of your prescription free of charge, it’s up to you to be able to understand the information on your prescription and use it correctly. Learn to decipher the abbreviations and numbers on your prescription, and find out how to get your pupillary distance even if your vision provider won’t give it to you.

Method 1
Method 1 of 2:

Understanding the Terminology

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  1. or O.S. to determine which eye is which. Most prescriptions will include at least two rows of numbers, one labelled “O.D.” and the other labelled “O.S.” O.D. is short for “oculus dexter,” which is Latin for “right eye.” O.S. is short for “oculus sinister,” which is Latin for “left eye.”
    • Occasionally, you may see a prescription with a line labeled O.U., or oculus uterque, for both eyes. [1]
    • Some prescriptions may use R.E. and L.E., or just “right” and “left,” instead of O.D. and O.S.
  2. SPH stands for “spherical.” The numbers in this column indicate how strong your lens must be to correct for nearsightedness or farsightedness. The numbers represent diopters, a unit of measurement used to describe the corrective strength of a lens. [2]
    • A negative number, such as -2.00, indicates nearsightedness (difficulty seeing far away).
    • A positive number, like +1.50, indicates farsightedness (difficulty seeing up close).
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  3. Astigmatism is a blurring of the vision caused by an irregularity of the lens or cornea. [3] The lens strength needed to correct astigmatism can be found in the CYL (“cylindrical”) column. The axis column contains a number that corresponds to the angle of your astigmatism. [4]
    • The numbers in the CYL column will be either positive (e.g., +3.00) or negative (e.g., -0.50) depending on whether your astigmatism corresponds to farsightedness or nearsightedness.
    • On some prescriptions, there may be no axis column. Instead, the axis may be preceded by an x and written right after the cylindrical measurement (e.g., +2.50 x30). [5]
  4. If your eyes need both near vision and distance vision correction, your prescription will have two rows of spherical corrections. Many bifocal prescriptions list near vision corrections in a row called “Add.” Others will separate near and distance vision corrections into N.V. and D.V. rows, with “add” written in to indicate that bifocals are needed.
  5. These corrections are for eye alignment problems, such as strabismus, crossed eyes , or “lazy eye." Prism correction is written in fractional “prism diopters” (e.g., 0.5 or ½). The base column indicates the location of the prism on the lens, i.e. “up,” “down,” “in,” or “out.” [6]
    • Most prescriptions do not include prism or base information, as these types of corrections are not particularly common.
    • If your prescription has no “Prism” column, your prism diopter measurement may be labeled “p.d.” or preceded by a triangle.
    • Base position may be written as BU (“base up”), BD (“base down”), BI (“base in”), or BO (“base out”).
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Method 2
Method 2 of 2:

Finding out Your Pupillary Distance

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  1. Your pupillary distance (P.D.) is the horizontal distance between your pupils, in millimeters. The optician who crafts your lenses needs this information in order to position the optical center of your glasses correctly. While your vision provider is not required by law to release your P.D. in most places, some may be willing to do so, either free of charge or for a fee. [7]
    • If your vision provider charges a fee to release your pupillary distance, you may be able to get a refund from some online retailers.
  2. If your eye doctor won’t release your pupillary distance, you can measure it yourself with a P.D. ruler. Buy a straight edge or digital P.D. ruler online, or download a free template to print and cut out. You can also measure your P.D. with a regular ruler using the metric edge. [8]
  3. ruler. To measure your P.D., stand in front of a mirror and place the notch on the ruler (marked with a 0) over the bridge of your nose. Close your left eye, and read the number on the ruler directly over your right pupil. Reverse the process to find the measurement for your left pupil. Add the two numbers together for the total distance. [9]
    • The average P.D. for adults is 54-74 mm, and 43-54 mm for a child. If your P.D. results are far outside that range, you may have measured incorrectly. [10]
    • Measure your P.D. 3-4 times to ensure accurate results.
    • If you use a regular ruler, place the 0 mm mark directly over your right pupil, and measure from there to the number directly over your left pupil.
  4. If you’d rather not take the measurement yourself, ask a friend to help you. Have them crouch just below your field of vision, and focus on something 10-12 ft. (3-3.7 m) away while they take the measurement with a P.D. ruler. [11]
    • Keep your eyes still and don’t look at your friend while they take the measurement. Moving your eyes or focusing on your friend will skew your results.
  5. If you have a smartphone with a camera, you can get a reading of your pupillary distance with an app like PD Meter by GlassifyMe. Many online glasses retailers, such as Warby Parker and FinestGlasses.com, also offer free P.D. measurement tools that allow you to upload photos or use your webcam to determine your P.D.
    • Most of these tools require you to include an object for scale in the photo, usually a credit card with the signature side facing the camera.
    • Note that this method may produce inaccurate results, since it forces you to focus on a close-up target (your phone camera or computer screen). Your pupillary distance becomes narrower when you are looking at something close-up.
  6. more accurately with focus points on your glasses. With your current pair of glasses on, focus on an object in the distance, at least 20 ft (6 meters) away. Close your left eye, and use a washable felt-tipped marker to place a dot on your right lens so that it directly covers the object you are focusing on. Close your right eye, and repeat on your left lens. Then, measure the distance between the two dots in millimeters.
    • If you are trying to find your P.D. for near vision glasses, focus on something close-up (like a book at normal reading distance) instead.
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    How do I know what measurement I need for reading glasses?
    Kara Hartl, MD, FACS
    Board Certified Ophthalmologist
    Dr. Kara Hartl is a board certified Ophthalmologist and the Founder and CEO of Mountain View Eye Center in Fairbanks, Alaska. Dr. Hartl is a blue light expert and specializes in studying the effects of natural and artificial light on people’s eyes and bodies. She received a BA in Biology from Harvard University and earned her Doctor of Medicine (MD) from The University of California-San Diego Medical School. Dr. Hartl also trained at the world-renowned Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. She is passionate about incorporating technology into the future of eye care and has started a public education initiative to inform everyday LED screen users about the effects and the easy ways to protect themselves while continuing to use their devices. Dr. Hartl also founded the international non-profit, Gift of Sight, which is dedicated to curing blindness across the globe.
    Kara Hartl, MD, FACS
    Board Certified Ophthalmologist
    Expert Answer
    Honestly, I'd just recommend trying a few different pairs out. I think +1.50 is good for the computer, and +2.50 is generally a solid choice for reading, but it doesn't really matter if you're not using the most optimal set with the perfect size.
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      Tips

      • In the US and UK, your vision provider is required by law to give you a copy of your prescription, free of charge. If they refuse to release your prescription, call the FTC at 1-877-382-4357 in the US. [12] Register a complaint with the NHS at 0300 311 22 33 if you are in the UK. [13]
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      • Don’t attempt to use information from a contact lens prescription to order eyeglasses. Contact lenses are constructed differently, so the measurements will not be the same.
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      Things You’ll Need

      • Your current eyeglasses prescription.
      • Pupillary distance ruler or regular ruler with a metric edge.
      • Mirror.
      • Pair of glasses.
      • Felt-tipped marker.

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      References

      1. ↑ http://discoveryeye.org/understanding-your-eyeglass-prescription/
      2. ↑ http://discoveryeye.org/understanding-your-eyeglass-prescription/
      3. ↑ https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions/astigmatism
      4. ↑ http://www.allaboutvision.com/eyeglasses/eyeglass-prescription.htm
      5. ↑ http://www.allaboutvision.com/eyeglasses/eyeglass-prescription.htm
      6. ↑ http://www.allaboutvision.com/eyeglasses/eyeglass-prescription.htm
      7. ↑ https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0116-prescription-glasses-and-contact-lenses
      8. ↑ http://www.zennioptical.com/measuring-pd-infographic
      9. ↑ http://universe2go.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/PD_ruler_EN.pdf
      1. ↑ http://www.zennioptical.com/measuring-pd-infographic
      2. ↑ http://www.zennioptical.com/measuring-pd-infographic
      3. ↑ http://www.allaboutvision.com/eyeglasses/eyeglass-prescription.htm
      4. ↑ https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/complaints-and-feedback/Pages/nhs-complaints.aspx

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      To read an eyeglass prescription, look for the labels "O.D." and "O.S.," which stand for right eye and left eye respectively. If you're near-sighted or far-sighted, check the "SPH" column to find out how strong your lenses need to be. Additionally, read the "CYL" column to find the strength of lens you need to correct astigmatism. You should also look for the "Add" row if you need both near and far-sighted corrections. For tips on how to locate eye alignment corrections on your prescription, keep reading!

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      Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 88,131 times.

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