如何治疗斜方肌拉伤

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斜方肌位于颈背两侧，呈三角形，左右两侧相合成斜方形。它们从颈背开始，沿着脊椎一直连接到肋骨底部。斜方肌可能在多种情况下受伤，像是车祸或是在运动时，和别的球员发生碰撞。不小心拉伤斜方肌？别担心，这里有一些应对方法，继续往下阅读吧！

方法 1
方法 1 的 4:

识别斜方肌拉伤的早期症状

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    斜方肌负责支撑头部，不小心拉伤了，就比较难再发挥本身的作用。所以，你可能发现自己很难像平时那样转动头、颈项和肩膀。 [1]
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    斜方肌除了使头部抬起，也与双臂连接。如果它受伤了，一侧或两侧手臂可能变得无力，仿佛失去了支撑。 [2]
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    当斜方肌的肌纤维被拉伸得太远或撕裂了，就会同时收缩，变得紧绷，血液循环受到阻碍，没有足够的血流向受伤部位。
    • 缺血会导致肌肉痉挛（仿佛在皮肤下抽搐）或僵硬（好像注了水泥一样）。
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    如上所述，当斜方肌的肌纤维收缩时，流向它的血液减少，得到的氧气也随之减少。氧气帮助分解乳酸，如果氧气不足，乳酸会越积越多，引起疼痛。 [3]
    • 你可能会感到肌肉锐痛、刺痛或是好像打结了。
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    血液供应不足除了造成肌肉痉挛及疼痛外，你很可能会感到双臂有一股奇怪的麻刺感。这是受伤部位的肌纤维收缩造成的。
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方法 2
方法 2 的 4:

识别斜方肌拉伤的晚期症状

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    取决于你对疼痛的忍耐力，你感受到的疼痛可能比其他遭受同样伤害的人更多或更少。这是因为身体感到疼痛时，大脑会“加班”，设法控制疼痛。这使你感到非常疲劳，仿佛浑身无力。 [4]
    • 耐痛性高的人可能觉得体力还是和平时一样，不过，这不代表他们受到的伤害小于感到非常疲劳的人。
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    疼痛除了让你感到非常疲劳，也会影响专注力。虽然疼痛本身不会降低专注力，但是大脑忙着应付疼痛感，使你在心理上觉得自己无法专心做任何事。 [5]
    • 即使你努力集中精神，疼痛也可能使你分心。这就好像某个人告诉你现在不要去想一头大象，你反而更会去想它。
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    斜方肌拉伤引起的疼痛，可能使你夜不能眠。在这种情况下，不是大脑正在“加班”，让你不去想疼痛这件事，而是疼痛本身使你睡不着。
    • 每当你试图翻身时，可能会感到后背或头部锐痛。
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    斜方肌与颈项肌肉和硬脑膜（一层覆盖着大脑的薄组织，对疼痛敏感）相连。斜方肌受到任何伤害，硬脑膜很容易感到疼痛，并被大脑诠释为头痛。 [6]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 4:

治疗斜方肌

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    这是帮助斜方肌复原的最佳方法之一。事实上，PRICE疗法是你应该要做的一系列事情。下面的步骤将会详细地解释每一部分的治疗，包括：
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    斜方肌。如果斜方肌受到比现在更大的伤害，可能会加重伤势，比如说造成肌肉撕裂。你需要保护拉伤的肌肉，以防止这种状况发生。为了保护肌肉，请 避开 以下几点： [7]
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    至少在24到72小时内，不能进行可能加重伤势的活动。事实上，你可能因为肌肉疼痛，而自动停止进行疯狂的活动，但是在这里多做一次提醒并无坏。休息有助于痊愈，而且不会进一步伤害受伤的肌肉。 [8]
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    斜方肌。如上所述，最好让受伤的肌肉休息。肌肉受伤时（例如小腿肌肉），你通常可以用夹板固定受伤的肌肉，好让它保持不动。但是，斜方肌比较难包扎。事实上，我们通常不会包扎它。不过，医生可能建议你戴着柔软的颈托固定颈项，防止它移动，以免加重斜方肌的伤势。 [9]
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    斜方肌。将冰袋或一包冰块放在颈项和肩膀上，可以消肿及减轻疼痛。冰块刺激淋巴液流动，它们为患处周围的受损组织提供重要营养。淋巴液也帮助清除细胞和身体组织的废物。这一功能对组织再生过程十分重要。 [10]
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    肌肉。记得时时抬高患处。如果斜方肌拉伤了，睡觉时不妨稍微抬高背部和肩膀。在身后垫几个枕头，将背部抬高至30到45度。这么做可以促进患处的血液循环，加快复原速度。 [11]
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    止痛药阻止及干扰疼痛信号到达大脑。只要它无法抵达大脑，大脑就不能诠释信号，使身体感到疼痛。止痛药可以被归类为 [12] ：
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    它们阻断身体形成特定化学物质，以免拉伤的肌肉发炎。不过，受伤后首48小时内，不能服用非甾体抗炎药，以免耽搁复原过程。在受伤后的首48小时内，发炎是身体应对受伤的方法之一。 [13]
    • 非甾体抗炎药包括布洛芬、萘普生和阿司匹林。
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方法 4
方法 4 的 4:

锻炼斜方肌

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    医生可能会将你转介给物理治疗师，帮助你锻炼上斜方肌，让它在最佳状态下运作。一些运动有助于预防上斜方肌疼痛。你可以在白天时，每小时进行下面的运动一次，每次重复15到20下。 [14]
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    当你感觉到斜方肌恢复正常，就可以开始做一些轻松的运动，防止它再次受伤。有几种运动可以帮助锻炼斜方肌。不确定肌肉是否已经完全复原？开始做运动前，先咨询物理治疗师或专治肌肉问题的医生。 [15]
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    如果斜方肌严重拉伤或撕裂，即使你已经努力做运动锻炼它，它也没有变得更强壮，那么你可能需要做手术。不过，只有在全部方法都失败后，才可以考虑这一方案。手术修复及重新连接受损的斜方肌组织，帮助它恢复功能。 [16]
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小提示

  • 你也可以接受有执照的指压按摩师或针灸师的治疗，减轻斜方肌拉伤造成的疼痛。
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警告

  • 在罕见的情况下，斜方肌严重拉伤，会导致颈项、肩膀和手臂不能动。如果出现这些症状，请立刻去看医生。
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参考

  1. ↑ Phipps, Cassmeyer, Sands, Lehman (1995) Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Edition
  2. ↑ www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sprains/Pages/Treatment.aspx
  3. ↑ http://blog.gameready.com/blog/bid/292749/Recovering-from-an-Injury-Five-Ways-Compression-Therapy-Can-Help
  4. ↑ NHS.(n.d.). Sprains and strains – Treatment. In nhs.uk. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sprains/Pages/Treatment.aspx
  5. ↑ Phipps, Cassmeyer, Sands, Lehman (1995) Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Edition
  6. ↑ Youn, B. (2000/2001). OXYGEN AND ITS ROLE IN WOUND HEALING. In info-archive.com. Retrieved from http://www.info-archive.com/oxywoundhealing.htm
  7. ↑ www.associationofringsidephysicians.org
  8. ↑ www.associationofringsidephysicians.org
  9. ↑ LPN 2007 the Journal for excellence in Practical Nursing Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  1. ↑ http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/articles/2458/injuries/trapezius-muscle-sprain.html
  2. ↑ Phipps, Cassmeyer, Sands, Lehman (1995) Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Edition
  3. ↑ Phipps, Cassmeyer, Sands, Lehman (1995) Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Edition
  4. ↑ http://blog.gameready.com/blog/bid/292749/Recovering-from-an-Injury-Five-Ways-Compression-Therapy-Can-Help
  5. ↑ NHS.(n.d.). Sprains and strains – Treatment. In nhs.uk. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sprains/Pages/Treatment.aspx
  6. ↑ LPN 2007 the Journal for excellence in Practical Nursing Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  7. ↑ Youn, B. (2000/2001). OXYGEN AND ITS ROLE IN WOUND HEALING. In info-archive.com. Retrieved from http://www.info-archive.com/oxywoundhealing.htm

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