如何治疗面部晒伤

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共同创作者是 Mohiba Tareen, MD

参考

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晒伤让人疼痛难忍，年少时发生的晒伤还有可能在未来发展成皮肤癌。 [1] 面部皮肤比其他部位的皮肤更为娇嫩，防治面部晒伤尤为重要。阅读下文，学习如何发现、治疗和预防面部晒伤。

方法 1
方法 1 的 3:

面部晒伤的应急疗法

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    当皮肤产生刺痛感或呈现粉红色时，赶快进入室内或躲在阴凉处防晒。暴晒后4至6小时会出现晒伤的症状，及时防晒可将伤害降至最低。 [2]
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    一旦出现晒伤症状，及时饮水为皮肤补充水分。 [3] 晒伤会导致血管舒张，令皮肤脱水严重，身体疲惫不堪。及时补充水分能缓解晒伤产生的不适症状，比如头痛。 [4]
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    晒伤后，面部会产生火辣辣的刺痛感。将凉水喷洒在脸上，然后用柔软的毛巾擦干，重复上述操作可缓解疼痛。你也可以将冰冷的湿毛巾敷在前额或两颊，藉此缓解刺痛感。 [5]
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    切忌在面部涂抹含凡士林、苯佐卡因或利多卡因的保湿剂，可使用天然芦荟，或含有芦荟或豆类的保湿剂涂抹面部。 [6] 如果面部皮肤出现刺痛或红肿，可在药店购买外用类固醇霜（浓度1%的氢化可的松）涂抹患处。 [7] 涂药前要仔细阅读药物说明书。 [8]
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    如果皮肤出现晒伤，可及时服用非甾体类抗炎止痛片。服用这类药物可缓解晒伤引发的炎症、疼痛和不适。仔细阅读药物说明书，按照指定剂量服药。 [9]
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    一旦皮肤出现明显的晒伤迹象，仔细检查伤情。 [10] 一旦出现恶心、打颤、视线模糊、高烧或皮肤大面积起水疱等症状，一定要即刻就医。 [11]
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方法 2
方法 2 的 3:

面部晒伤的后期护理

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    多喝水可以让晒伤的皮肤保持湿润。晒伤会造成脱水，令患者疲劳或头痛。喝水能让皮肤保持湿润，运动饮料则能补充电解质。 [12]
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    晒伤后的皮肤亟需补充水分。切忌在面部涂抹含凡士林、苯佐卡因或利多卡因的保湿剂， [13] 可使用天然芦荟，或含有芦荟或豆类的保湿剂涂抹面部。 [14] 如果面部皮肤刺痛或红肿，可在药店购买外用类固醇霜（浓度1%的氢化可的松）涂抹患处。 [15]
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    不要触碰晒伤产生的水疱和干皮，以防留下永久性的伤痕。 [16] 让水疱或干皮自行愈合。 [17]
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    如果必须出门，要涂抹防晒系数30到50的防晒霜，并尽量在阴凉处躲避日晒。 [18]
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    治疗晒伤的家庭偏方很多。作为辅助性的治疗方法，这些偏方可以有效促进晒伤愈合。 [19]
    • 将温热的甘菊或薄荷茶涂在面部。泡一杯甘菊茶，放凉至室温。用棉球沾些甘菊茶，然后涂在脸上。 [20]
    • 用牛奶敷脸。 [21] 将纱布或面巾浸泡在凉牛奶中，然后敷在脸上。牛奶会在皮肤上形成一层保护层，有镇痛和疗愈晒伤的作用。 [22]
    • 用土豆泥治疗晒伤。将新鲜土豆切碎搅拌，然后用棉球按压土豆泥，吸取汁液。用沾有土豆汁的棉球擦脸。 [23]
    • 制作黄瓜面膜。将黄瓜去皮压碎，然后将碎渣敷在脸上。黄瓜面膜可以缓解晒伤产生的刺痛感。 [24]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 3:

预防面部晒伤

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    出门前，在脸部和其他暴露在外的皮肤涂抹防晒系数30至50的防晒霜。出门前15分钟涂抹防晒霜，之后每隔一个半小时重涂一次。如果要去游泳或者出汗较多，可选择防水型防晒霜。 [25]
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    宽檐帽（檐长至少10厘米）可以防止你的头皮、耳朵和颈部遭受日晒。 [26]
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    具备抗紫外线功能的墨镜可以防止眼周晒伤。 [27]
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    嘴唇也可能会被晒伤，出门前涂抹防晒系数30或更强效的防晒唇膏。 [28]
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    10点至16点之间阳光比较强烈，尽量避免在此期间外出。 [29]
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    出门在外要随时关注皮肤状态。如果皮肤出现刺痛感或发红，则表明有晒伤迹象，需要及时防晒。 [30]
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    遮阳伞虽能让你免受日光的直接暴晒，却无法避免日光折射所造成的晒伤。即便出门打伞，也要涂抹防晒霜。 [31]
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小提示

  • 预防晒伤远比治疗晒伤更重要。出门在外一定要做好防晒措施。 [32]
  • 化妆可以遮掩晒伤，但最好避免在伤处涂抹粉底、腮红等化妆品，尤其是严重的晒伤。 [33]
  • 人人都可能被晒伤，孩童和皮肤细嫩的成年人尤其容易遭受晒伤，因此更要做好防晒措施，比如抹防晒霜、穿防晒服、带防晒帽等。 [34]
  • 出门在外一定要涂抹防晒霜，以防造成晒伤。
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警告

  • 如果出现恶心、晕眩、头痛、高烧、冷颤、面部红肿或剧烈疼痛，一定要及时就医。这些症状可能是中暑的表现。 [35]
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003227.htm
  2. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  3. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/17/sunburn-treatment_n_5679751.html
  4. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  5. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  6. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/for-kids/about-skin/skin-cancer/treating-sunburn
  7. ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/10_home_remedies_for_sunburn_treatment/views.htm
  8. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  9. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  1. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/for-kids/about-skin/skin-cancer/treating-sunburn
  2. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  3. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/17/sunburn-treatment_n_5679751.html
  4. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/for-kids/about-skin/skin-cancer/treating-sunburn
  5. ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/10_home_remedies_for_sunburn_treatment/views.htm
  6. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  7. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/17/sunburn-treatment_n_5679751.html
  8. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/for-kids/about-skin/skin-cancer/treating-sunburn
  9. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  10. ↑ http://everydayroots.com/sunburn-remedies
  11. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/other-home-treatment-measures-for-a-first-degree-burn-or-sunburn-topic
  12. ↑ http://everydayroots.com/sunburn-remedies
  13. ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/10_home_remedies_for_sunburn_treatment/views.htm
  14. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/other-home-treatment-measures-for-a-first-degree-burn-or-sunburn-topic
  15. ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/10_home_remedies_for_sunburn_treatment/views.htm
  16. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/sunburn-prevention
  17. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/sunburn-prevention
  18. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/sunburn-prevention
  19. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003227.htm
  20. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/sunburn-prevention
  21. ↑ http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/five-ways-to-treat-a-sunburn
  22. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/10/living/guide-to-sun-safety/
  23. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003227.htm
  24. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/26/makeup-for-sunburn_n_3502676.html
  25. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003227.htm
  26. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/sun-poisoning

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