如何用简单和天然的物品迅速治好割伤

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共同创作者是 Ray Schilling, MD

参考

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皮肤是身体最大的器官。当它被割伤时，会引发复杂的生物化学反应，帮助伤口愈合。用药草抗菌剂、药膏等天然物品治疗割伤，可以促进皮肤愈合，减少留疤的可能性。一起来看看要如何用天然方法清洁、上药和治疗割伤。

部分 1
部分 1 的 4:

清洁伤口

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    治疗伤口前，先用肥皂和水洗手，降低感染风险。 [1]
    • 用温水洗手，让它自然风干，或用干净的毛巾擦干（最好使用纸巾）。
    • 如果是手被割伤，尽量不要让肥皂进入伤口，以免刺激到它。 [2]
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    打开水龙头，用温水冲洗伤口，抹一点温和的肥皂，将伤口清理干净。将肥皂轻轻地抹在伤口周围，然后用温水洗干净。 [3]
    • 清洗伤口时，检查伤口里面是否有沙砾或其它碎片。一定要将它们清理干净。先用外用酒精给镊子消毒，才移除伤口里碎片。 [4]
    • 如果伤口很浅，可以自行处理，那么用这些天然方法将它清理干净已经足够了。
    • 要是伤口很深或有异物，请去看医生。
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    洗了伤口后，它还是一直流血？取一片消毒纱布，按在伤口上。止血后就能拿掉纱布。你也可以用纱布，或其它不起毛并消过毒的布料盖着伤口。 不要擦拭 ，以免将伤口越扯越大。
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    用温和的生理盐水清洁有关部位，防止伤口受感染。生理盐水是最安全的洗液， [5] 盐的浓度大概是0.9%，和血、眼泪和汗水相似。 [6]
    • 你可以自己制作生理盐水。将1/2茶匙盐倒进240毫升沸水中溶解。 [7] 等它变凉后，倒在伤口上，用一片消毒纱布轻轻擦干水。
    • 每次冲洗伤口，都必须换新的盐水。不用了就倒掉。 [8] 盐水在短短24小时就会滋生细菌。 [9]
    • 保持伤口清洁，每天至少消毒1次，直到皮肤完全愈合。如果伤口发红或发炎，请去看医生。
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    虽然人们经常推荐用双氧水治疗伤口，但它其实无法有效杀菌。双氧水可能刺激伤口，并延缓自然愈合过程。 [10] 碘酒也会刺激伤口。 [11]
    • 只用干净的自来水，或生理盐水洗伤口。
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部分 2
部分 2 的 4:

上药

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    银有天然抗菌作用，长久以来一直被用来治疗伤口。浓度0.5%到1%的胶性银抗菌药膏或许能减少感染风险。 [12] 大部分药房均有出售。
    • 将薄薄一层胶性银抗菌药膏涂在伤口上，然后贴上创可贴。
    • 抗菌药膏无法加快愈合过程，但可以防止细菌感染，鼓励身体自我修复。 [13]
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    一些药草有天然抗微生物作用，有助于减少感染。但是，某些偏方可能会和其它疾病或处方药产生相互作用，所以在使用前，必须先咨询医生或药剂师。
    • 金盏花。它有抗菌作用，研究证实可以加快愈合过程。 [14] 在伤口上涂浓度不超过5%的金盏花药膏。动物实验显示这个浓度可以促进伤口愈合。 [15]
    • 茶树油。茶树油有天然抗细菌和抗真菌作用。用消毒纱布将几滴100%纯茶树油涂在伤口上。 [16]
    • 紫锥菊。在应激反应大的时候，紫锥菊可以促进伤口愈合。但在应激反应低或中等的时候，则没有效果。 [17] 试着在伤口上涂含有紫锥菊的乳霜或药膏，帮助伤口愈合。 [18]
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    如果伤口很浅，不妨每天涂纯芦荟胶数次。如果伤口很深（包括手术创口），千万不要涂芦荟胶，因为这样反而会让它恢复得更慢。 [19]
    • 芦荟可以减轻炎症，让受伤部位保持湿润。
    • 极少数人对芦荟过敏。如果皮肤发红或受刺激，马上停止使用芦荟，并去看医生。
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    大多数蜂蜜有天然抗细菌作用，也能帮助小伤口保持湿润，防止细菌感染。 [20] 选择麦卢卡蜂蜜，研究显示这是对治疗伤口最有效的蜂蜜种类。 [21]
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    上药后，用消毒纱布盖着伤口，然后用医用胶带固定好。使用消过毒的敷料，比如消毒纱布或创可贴。 [24] 好好保护伤口，直到它愈合得差不多，新皮肤已经长出来为止。
    • 需要更换敷料时，先将旧纱布拆下来，用盐水清洁伤口，再次上药，然后贴上干净的纱布或创可贴。 [25]
    • 每天或每当血渗透纱布，都要清洁伤口和更换胶布。
    • 洗过手才更换胶布或触碰伤口。
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部分 3
部分 3 的 4:

促进伤口愈合

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    多吃促进皮肤健康的蛋白质和维生素，可以帮助伤口愈合得更快，尤其是维生素A和C。 [26] 锌也有助于伤口愈合。 [27] 如果你营养不良，皮肤需要更久才能愈合。多吃下面的食物，获取充足的营养、维生素和矿物质： [28]
    • 精瘦蛋白质：精瘦肉（鸡肉和火鸡肉等）、鱼、鸡蛋、脱乳清酸奶和豆类 。
    • 维生素C：柑橘类水果、、奇异果、芒果、菠萝、浆果、西兰花、辣椒、抱子甘蓝和花椰菜。 [29]
    • 维生素A：鸡蛋、强化早餐鼓舞、橙色水果和蔬菜、西兰花、菠菜、深绿叶蔬菜和鱼肝油。 [30]
    • 维生素D：强化牛奶或果汁、多脂鱼、鸡蛋、奶酪和牛肝。 [31]
    • 维生素E：坚果、种子、花生酱、菠菜、西兰花和奇异果。 [32] [33]
    • 锌：牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、深色鸡肉、坚果、全谷物和豆类。 [34] [35]
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    研究显示绿茶提取物或许可以让伤口更快愈合。 [36] [37] 选择含有0.6%绿茶的药膏。
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    尝试用金缕梅减轻炎症和皮肤发红。 [39] 用干净的棉球将少量金缕梅涂在伤口上。
    • 大部分药房均有出售金缕梅。
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    每2小时至少喝下240毫升不含咖啡因和酒精的饮料。在受伤期间多喝水，可以补充因为发烧或出血而流失的水分。脱水会引起以下并发症： [40]
    • 皮肤干燥
    • 头痛
    • 肌肉痉挛
    • 低血压
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    做适度运动可以加强身体，帮助对抗感染，减轻炎症，加快康复。 [41] 不要用受伤部位使力。每周至少运动3天，每次30到45分钟。向医生咨询适合你的运动。一些简单的低强度运动包括：
    • 健步走
    • 瑜伽和伸展运动
    • 轻度负重训练
    • 以每小时8到14公里的速度骑自行车
    • 游泳
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    如果伤口部位一直肿胀或发炎，或是变得很不舒服，不妨敷冰袋。低温使受伤部位麻木，帮助减轻疼痛，同时防止它流出更多血。 [42]
    • 你可以自己制作冰袋。弄湿毛巾，将它放进封口冷藏袋里，放进冰箱冷冻15分钟。
    • 将湿毛巾放进袋子里，敷在受伤部位。
    • 如果伤口裂开或受感染，千万不要敷冰袋。
    • 不要让冰块直接接触皮肤，以免伤害皮肤。
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    潮湿的环境有利于伤口愈合。 [43] 用加湿器增加空气湿度，防止皮肤干燥或皲裂。保持加湿器清洁，以免细菌滋生、扩散，引发感染。 [44]
    • 如果湿度过高，霉菌和尘螨会大量繁殖。
    • 如果湿度太低，房子里的人会皮肤干燥，喉咙和鼻窦受到刺激。
    • 用恒湿器测量湿度。大部分五金店均有出售。
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部分 4
部分 4 的 4:

处理严重状况

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    检查伤口，看看是否需要就医，或是在家治疗就好。如果伤口非常深或严重，请去医院接受医生治疗。严重皮肉伤可能需要缝合，才能愈合良好。 [45] 要是面对以下状况，请立刻挂急诊：
    • 伤口很深，可以看到红色肌肉组织，或黄色脂肪组织。
    • 必须用手合住伤口边缘，一松手伤口就会一直裂开。
    • 伤口在脸、关节附近或其它一直动的部位，如果不缝合，就没办法合上。
    • 伤口很脏，你没办法清理干净。
    • 伤口一触即痛，和（或）流出浓稠的浅灰色液体。
    • 用力按压20分钟后，仍然无法止血。
    • 发烧，体温为37.8度（100华氏度）或更高。
    • 伤口附近有红血丝。
    • 伤口很深，而且你已经有5年以上没有打过破伤风预防针。 [46]
    • 动脉也被割开了。动脉是很粗大的血管，血流量很大。里面的血通常是鲜红色的。动脉血压高，所以大量血会从里边喷出来。 [47]
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    不管伤口有多严重，都必须防止自己失血过多。将一片干净的消毒纱布盖在伤口上，用力压紧，直到不再流血。 [48] 止血后，伤口才会开始愈合。
    • 不要太用力按压，以免切断血液循环，妨碍血液凝结，反而更慢止血。
    • 如果血渗透了纱布，将一片新的纱布压在上面，吸收溢出来的血。不要移开原本的纱布。一直按住伤口。
    • 如果血很快就渗透纱布，按住伤口也无法止血，请立刻挂急诊或就医。
  3. 3
    只有在非常严重的情况下，才能使用止血带。 你只能在流失大量血液，情况十分危急的时候，使用自制止血带。止血带用得不当会严重伤害肢体和血流，甚至导致肢体组织坏死，可能需要截肢。
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小提示

  • 不要用手拔掉痂。让它们自然脱落。
  • 尽量保持伤口和周围部位湿润。皮肤干燥会导致痂剥落，没有办法让皮肤有效愈合，并在最后留下疤痕。
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警告

  • 如果烧伤或割伤相当严重，或是受到感染，千万不要按照本篇指南进行治疗，反之，尽快去就医。


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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711
  3. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000043.htm
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711
  5. ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1895071-overview
  6. ↑ http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/HealthAZ/TestsAndTreatments/HomeHealthCare/Documents/Normal-saline-solution-how-prepare-home.pdf
  7. ↑ http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/HealthAZ/TestsAndTreatments/HomeHealthCare/Documents/Normal-saline-solution-how-prepare-home.pdf
  8. ↑ http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/HealthAZ/TestsAndTreatments/HomeHealthCare/Documents/Normal-saline-solution-how-prepare-home.pdf
  9. ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1895071-overview
  1. ↑ https://www.amherst.edu/alumni/learn/bookclub/pastfeatures/dontcrossyoureyes/excerpt
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711
  3. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2935806/
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711
  5. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789794
  6. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7185264
  7. ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/tea_tree_oil-topical/page2.htm
  8. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303756
  9. ↑ http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/echinacea
  10. ↑ http://umm.edu/health/medical-reference-guide/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-guide/herb/aloe
  11. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609166/
  12. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099322/
  13. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19134433
  14. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24328700
  15. ↑ http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/first-aid-advice/first-aid-techniques/how-to-put-on-a-dressing.aspx
  16. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000315.htm
  17. ↑ http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Keeping_Your_Digestive_Tract_Healthy/hic_Nutrition_Guidelines_to_Improve_Wound_Healing
  18. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002416.htm
  19. ↑ http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_Keeping_Your_Digestive_Tract_Healthy/hic_Nutrition_Guidelines_to_Improve_Wound_Healing
  20. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002404.htm
  21. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002400.htm
  22. ↑ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/
  23. ↑ http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/vitamin-e
  24. ↑ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/
  25. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002416.htm
  26. ↑ http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/zinc
  27. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919113000538
  28. ↑ http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/386734/
  29. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919113000538
  30. ↑ http://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hn-2186007
  31. ↑ http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/dehydration
  32. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900100/
  33. ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-pain/treating-pain-with-heat-and-cold#Heatvs.Cold1
  34. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Field%20FK [Author]&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8109679
  35. ↑ http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=498
  36. ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/first-aid-cuts-scrapes-and-stitches.printerview.all.html
  37. ↑ http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/first-aid-cuts-scrapes-and-stitches.printerview.all.html
  38. ↑ http://www.ic.sunysb.edu/Stu/wilee/e-zine-controlbleeding.html
  39. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm

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