如何缓解耳朵堵塞

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共同创作者是 Monica Kieu, DO, FACS

参考

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耳朵有堵塞感就像耳内有一股压力一样，可能还伴随着疼痛、头晕、耳鸣和轻微听力下降等症状。 [1] 感冒、过敏或鼻窦感染都有可能造成这种情况发生。飞行、水肺潜水或海拔高度变化太快，也会导致耳内压力增大。缓解耳内压力、治疗潜在病因或去除耳垢，就能缓解这股堵塞感。耳朵堵塞让人很不舒服，但只要采取正确的步骤，就能缓解这种情况。

方法 1
方法 1 的 3:

迅速缓解耳朵堵塞

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    吞咽会促使控制耳咽管的肌肉收缩，进而打开耳咽管。当它们重新打开时，你很可能会听到咔嗒声。 [2]
    • 吮吸一块糖果有助于吞咽。 [3]
    • 如果带着宝宝搭飞机，可以用奶嘴或奶瓶帮助他们做出吞咽动作。 [4]
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    打哈欠和吞咽一样，会让控制耳咽管的肌肉收缩，促使耳咽管迅速打开。打哈欠比吞咽有效，但是一些人觉得强迫自己打哈欠比吞咽难。 [5]
    • 如果你在搭飞机时会出现耳朵堵塞的情况，试着在飞机升降时打哈欠。 [6]
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    口香糖也能让肌肉收缩，打开耳咽管。一直嚼到耳朵听到咔嗒声。 [7]
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    深呼吸。保持嘴巴紧闭，捏着鼻子直到鼻孔几乎关闭。然后用鼻子慢慢地用力呼气。听到咔嗒声就表示你成功了。 [8]
    • 这个方法不是对所有人都有用。试了一两次都失败的话，最好换别的方法。
    • 搭飞机时，在飞机升降期间这么做能避免耳朵堵塞。 [9]
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    你可以用洗鼻壶冲洗鼻窦，缓解包括鼻塞在内的鼻窦症状。在洗鼻壶中装满无菌溶液或蒸馏水。头部倾斜45度，将壶嘴对准上面的鼻孔。慢慢倒入溶液，让它从底下的鼻孔流出来。 [10]
    • 擤鼻子，然后换另一侧鼻孔重复上面的步骤。
    • 这样可以稀释和冲走鼻腔里的鼻涕和其它刺激物。
    • 仔细遵循洗鼻壶的使用指示，以免不小心吸入水。
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    将沸水倒入一个大碗，然后用毛巾盖着头。伏在碗上，用鼻子慢慢呼吸，让蒸汽稀释和松开鼻涕。把积聚的鼻涕吐出来。 [11]
    • 你可以在沸水中放入茶或其它药草。有些茶具有抗炎和抗菌作用，有助于加强蒸汽治疗的效果。
    • 热水澡、桑拿浴和加湿器也有帮助。
    • 这种方式产生的蒸汽有时候会 太 烫，不要将冒着蒸汽的东西放在耳朵附近。
    • 不要太靠近蒸汽，否则脸可能被烫伤。
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方法 2
方法 2 的 3:

治疗耳朵堵塞

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    由于耳咽管连接耳朵后方的鼻咽部到中耳，所以耳朵堵塞往往是鼻窦堵塞造成的。减充血剂缓解鼻窦堵塞，进而帮助疏通耳朵。 [12]
    • 你可以在药房买到非处方鼻腔减充血剂。有些产品可能没摆在柜台里，需要询问才会拿给你，但是不需要处方。
    • 除非医生另有指示，否则3天后就要停用减充血剂。
    • 使用减充血剂之前，最好先问过医生，尤其是如果你目前有服用其它药物，或者患有高血压、青光眼或前列腺问题。不可以给儿童使用减充血剂。
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    它们可以缓解鼻腔内部肿胀，进而减轻鼻子和耳朵堵塞。
    • 在未咨询医生的情况下，不得擅自使用类固醇。
    • 有非处方和处方鼻内类固醇喷剂。
    • 它们对过敏患者尤其有用。 [13]
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    过敏不加以治疗的话，会刺激鼻窦，引发鼻塞，进而造成耳朵堵塞。市面上有好几种非处方抗组胺剂，包括西替利嗪（Zyrtec）、氯雷他定（Claritin）、非索非那定（Allegra）。 [14]
    • 服用抗组胺剂之前，或者如果非处方抗组胺剂对你没有用，一定要咨询医生。
    • 搭飞机前1小时服用抗组胺剂，可以帮助避免耳内压力过大。 [15]
    • 用药之前，一定要查看随药物附上的所有指示和注意事项。
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    耳朵在你自我治疗后的几个小时内应该会感觉舒服多了。如果情况没有好转，就要就医检查。耳朵堵塞不好好治疗的话，可能会造成耳朵损伤。另外，你也可能是受感染了。 [16]
    • 如果你发烧或者耳内有任何分泌物，一定要立刻就医。
    • 服完医生开的所有药物，尤其是抗生素。否则，症状可能会复发。
    • 医生或许会给你用滴耳剂止痛。
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    医生可以置入通气管排出耳内积液，缓解耳内压力。这种方法多用在经常耳朵堵塞的病人上。 [17]
    • 这种治疗方法最常用在经常耳朵堵塞的儿童，以减少感染的发生率，让他们在更舒服的状态下康复。 [18]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 3:

清理耳垢

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    受影响的耳朵应该朝上，另一侧耳朵则朝下。你可以躺着或者头靠着软垫，让自己更舒服一些。 [19]
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    最好使用滴管，以免滴入过多。不管哪一种液体都能起作用，不过盐水和双氧水是无菌的，即使滞留在耳朵里，也不太可能引起感染。 [20]
    • 如果耳朵已经受感染或者鼓膜穿孔，不要将任何液体滴入耳朵。
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    重力会让液体往下流，软化里面的耳垢。整个过程只需要一分钟左右。 [21]
    • 等待时间不要超过几分钟，以免液体流到耳朵深处。
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    松脱的耳垢会开始在重力的帮助下排出来。你可以在耳朵下面放一条毛巾接住它。
    • 如果你是躺着的，这时候只需要翻个身。
    • 你也可以用球形注射器吸出松脱的耳垢。 [22]
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    医生可以检查耳朵，确认这只是耳垢问题，必要时也可以用更精确的方法来去除耳垢。
    • 如果你曾经用棉签等物体去除耳垢，很可能不小心把它压得更紧实。医生可以帮你解决这个问题。 [23]
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小提示

  • 除非问过医生，否则不要给幼童使用非处方药。儿童的耳朵更容易受感染，一出现症状就要去看医生，因为他们可能需要更精确严格的治疗方案。
  • 在未咨询医生的情况下，不要服用抗组胺剂或减充血剂超过1周。
  • 感冒或鼻窦感染期间，不要搭飞机或进行水肺潜水。
  • 搭飞机的时候，戴上防噪耳塞有助于预防耳朵堵塞。 [24]
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参考

  1. ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm
  2. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/plugged-ears/faq-20058092
  3. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701
  4. ↑ https://www.medicinenet.com/eustachian_tube_problems/article.htm#what_is_the_medical_treatment_for_clearing_eustachian_tube_dysfunction_or_blockage
  5. ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm
  6. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701
  7. ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm
  8. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/plugged-ears/faq-20058092
  9. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701
  1. ↑ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321322.php
  2. ↑ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321322.php
  3. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/plugged-ears/faq-20058092
  4. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/plugged-ears/faq-20058092
  5. ↑ https://www.medicinenet.com/eustachian_tube_problems/article.htm#what_causes_eustachian_tube_dysfunction_or_blockage
  6. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701
  7. ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm
  8. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/plugged-ears/faq-20058092
  9. ↑ https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ear_tubes/article_em.htm#during_the_ear_tube_procedure
  10. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/got-an-ear-full
  11. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/got-an-ear-full
  12. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/got-an-ear-full
  13. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/got-an-ear-full
  14. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/got-an-ear-full
  15. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701

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