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Heat management is important to consider when constructing or maintaining your computer. Too much heat can spell death for your sensitive components, and if you’re overclocking it’s even more of an issue. Knowing how to apply thermal paste correctly is one of the foundations of proper computer cooling.
Steps
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Choose a good thermal paste. Most of the basic thermal greases contain silicone and zinc oxide, while more expensive compounds contain heat conductors such as silver or ceramic. Silver or ceramic thermal greases facilitate more efficient heat transmission. However, the basic thermal grease will sufficiently fill the needs for most applications.- If you are planning on overclocking your computer, try to get thermal paste composed mainly of silver, copper, or gold. These are the most conductive metals commonly used in thermal paste.
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Clean the CPU and heat sink surfaces. Wipe the surface lightly with a cotton ball or cotton swab dampened with isopropyl alcohol. The higher the percentage of alcohol the better. 70 percent is good but 90 percent is better (if you can find it). [1] X Expert Source Luigi Oppido
Computer & Tech Specialist Expert Interview. 13 November 2020.- If you're building with brand new components, try not to touch the heatsink surface or the surface of the CPU. Even if your hands are clean, you're still transferring oil from your skin to the surface, which can reduce its ability to transfer heat.
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Sand the heat sink and processor surfaces if necessary. Ideally, the two touching surfaces will be perfectly flat, allowing for as much contact as possible. If your heat sink base is rough, you can wet-sand it with fine grit paper or emery cloth it to make it smoother. This isn’t necessary unless you are aiming for the ultimate in cooling performance.- Thermal paste is designed to fill in the gaps and imperfections on the surfaces that you are joining. Since modern production techniques cannot make surfaces without imperfections, thermal paste will always be necessary.
- Even if the surfaces of your components seem to be completely flat, there are still tiny surface imperfections that will trap pockets of air, reducing the heat transfer. For this reason, it's best to always use thermal paste.
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Place a tiny drop of thermal paste in the center of the cooler base. The bead of paste should be smaller than a BB or a grain of rice. If you’ve read that it should be “pea-sized”, that is far too much paste, and you will end up with paste on your motherboard. [2] X Expert Source Luigi Oppido
Computer & Tech Specialist Expert Interview. 13 November 2020.- There is no need to spread the paste for circular coolers, as the pressure of being applied will spread it evenly across the surface.
- Alternatively, you can place your thermal paste in an 'X' pattern across the chip, although make sure to only use a tiny amount as you'll be covering a greater area than the 'blob method'.
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Attach the heat sink to the processor. Install the heat sink with even pressure from all sides, and the bead that you placed on the surface will spread over the entire contact surface. This will create a thin, even layer that will fill any gaps but avoid excess build up. [3] X Expert Source Luigi Oppido
Computer & Tech Specialist Expert Interview. 13 November 2020.- As heat is applied, the paste will become thinner and spread more towards the edges. This is why using a small amount of paste is important, as a little goes a long way.
- Tighten the heat sink from each corner a little at a time. For example turn the top right screw twice, then switch to two turns on the bottom left, before moving to the top left, then the bottom right, and continue until all screws are tight. This will allow for even pressure for both the component, helping to avoid damage, and even spreading of your thermal paste.
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Avoid removing the heat sink after installing it. It can be difficult to check if your paste has been applied correctly. If you break the seal that is created when you install the heat sink, you will need to restart the process, first cleaning off the old paste and then reapplying it. -
Connect the CPU fan to the motherboard. The CPU fan wire should be plugged in the CPU fan socket to supply power to the fan as well as allowing the computer to adjust the speed of the fan.- The connector is usually a three-pin plug usually above the CPU cooler on the motherboard, labelled with 'CPU FAN' or something similar.
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Boot the system. Check that the fan is spinning. Enter the BIOS by pressing F1 or Del key as the computer boots up. Check if the temperature is normal, CPU temperature should be below 40 degree Celsius when idle, same for GPU.- The key used to enter the BIOS of your computer could vary, so check the motherboard manual. Common keys are ESC, DEL, F12 and F1
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Apply paste to the base of the cooler. Applying paste to a square cooler is a bit more challenging than a round one, because simply placing a dot and applying pressure will not result in full coverage. There are varying approaches that people claim allegiances to, so we’ll cover a few of the more popular ones:- The lines method – Place two thin lines of thermal compound on the base of the cooler. The lines should be parallel and spaced so that they are each placed a third of the width of the processor. The lines themselves should also be about a third of the processor’s width in length.
- The cross method – This is very similar to the previous method, but the lines are crossed in an “X” pattern instead of parallel. The length and thickness of the lines should be the same as the previous method.
- The spread method – This is one of the most popular and effective methods, but takes a little more effort. Place a small amount of thermal paste onto the base of the cooler. Using a plastic finger protector or a plastic bag, use your finger to spread the paste evenly across the surface. Make sure to cover the entire surface that will be in contact with the processor, and ensure that you do not apply the paste too thick. In most cases, the paste should barely hide the metal underneath.
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Install the heat sink. If you are using either of the line methods, apply even pressure to the heat sink as you install it to ensure that the paste covers the entire surface. If you are using the spread method, you MUST install the heat sink at a slight angle to prevent bubbles from forming. This is because the paste is usually spread too thin to compensate for bubbles after pressure is applied. -
Reconnect the fan to the motherboard. The CPU fan wire should be plugged in the CPU fan socket because it mostly has the PWM function which allows the computer to adjust the fan speed automatically without changing voltage. -
Boot the system altogether. Check that the fan is spinning. Enter the BIOS by pressing F1 or Del key during POST. Check if the temperature is normal, CPU temperature should be below 40 degree Celsius when idle, same for GPU.- The key used to enter the BIOS of your computer could vary, so check the motherboard manual. Common keys are ESC, DEL, F12 and F1
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Expert Q&A
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QuestionI still don't get what thermal paste does. How does it work?Luigi Oppido is the Owner and Operator of Pleasure Point Computers in Santa Cruz, California. Luigi has over 25 years of experience in general computer repair, data recovery, virus removal, and upgrades. He is also the host of the Computer Man Show! broadcasted on KSQD covering central California for over two years.All thermal paste does is transfer heat from the chip to the heatsink. The goal there being to prevent air bubbles from interfering with the transfer of energy.
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QuestionWhat's the easiest way to remove thermal paste?Luigi Oppido is the Owner and Operator of Pleasure Point Computers in Santa Cruz, California. Luigi has over 25 years of experience in general computer repair, data recovery, virus removal, and upgrades. He is also the host of the Computer Man Show! broadcasted on KSQD covering central California for over two years.Grab a cotton swab and dip it in a super small amount of isopropyl alcohol. Rub it on the paste residue and just slowly wear the dried paste away.
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QuestionIs applying thermal paste necessary?Luigi Oppido is the Owner and Operator of Pleasure Point Computers in Santa Cruz, California. Luigi has over 25 years of experience in general computer repair, data recovery, virus removal, and upgrades. He is also the host of the Computer Man Show! broadcasted on KSQD covering central California for over two years.Yes, it fills in the gaps between the CPU and the heatsink. If there are air particles in there, your CPU won't cool off the right way. You really can't skip this step if you're building a PC or replacing a part.
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Tips
- After cleaning the surface with alcohol, do not touch the surface with your bare finger. Your finger has its own oils that will damage the surface and harm the coolers.Thanks
- If latex gloves are used to spread the thermal paste across the designated surface, make sure they are the powder free type. If powder and thermal paste combine, the heat sink will be degraded severely.Thanks
- Thin thermal paste is ideal while thick thermal paste decrease the heat transferring rate. Thermal paste is for filling the gap between the chip and the heat sink, also the tiny up and down on them.Thanks
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Warnings
- Using oil based cleaners to clean your surfaces will ruin your coolers performance. They will prematurely and permanently fill the spaces the thermal paste is intended to, not allowing the paste to do its job. If the oil based cleaner is used and thermal paste is placed on top of it, the coolers will never work efficiently.Thanks
- Although it may seem obvious, ensure your computer is switched 'Off' on the power supply switch. Even if the computer is shut down, there is still power in the motherboard, so it's best practice to switch this off first.Thanks
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About This Article
Article Summary
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If you want to apply thermal paste to help your computer stay cool, wipe the surface of your CPU and your heat sink with a cotton ball dampened with isopropyl alcohol. Apply a tiny amount of thermal paste to the center of the cooler base on the heat sink. Attach the heat sink to the processor, then reconnect the CPU fan wire to the motherboard. Keep reading to learn about the different strategies for applying thermal paste to a round or square cooler!
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Reader Success Stories
- "This appears to be a good, detailed article on thermal paste. It's also extremely helpful that it outlines various methods and configurations of applying the paste. I actually didn't really know what it was all about until I read this article." ..." more
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"This appears to be a good, detailed article on thermal paste. It's also extremely helpful that it outlines various methods and configurations of applying the paste. I actually didn't really know what it was all about until I read this article."
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"I found this helpful, as it is clear, plain English and not over engineering the processes. If I can comprehend these instructions, then a budgie could also use the information to great effect. Thank you very much for all your time & effort."
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"This article cleared up things I thought I knew. Indeed, I was correct, so now I feel totally confident In proceeding with my project!"
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"It is always reassuring to watch someone demonstrate how to do something while pointing out potential trouble areas. Good work!"
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"I came to first contact with a circular CPU. I figured you have to apply the paste differently and I was right."
